The Germany and the Agricola of TacitusTacitus, Cornelius
History
The Germany and the Agricola of Tacitus
Tacitus, Cornelius
Agricola, Gnaeus Julius, 40-93; Germanic peoples -- Early works to 1800; Statesmen -- Rome -- Biography -- Early works to 1800
34. Contiguous to the Angrivarii and Chamavi backwards lie the
Dulgibini, Chasauri, [180] and other nations less known. [181] In front,
the Frisii [182] succeed; who are distinguished by the appellations of
Greater and Lesser, from their proportional power. The settlements of
both stretch along the border of the Rhine to the ocean; and include,
besides, vast lakes, [183] which have been navigated by Roman fleets. We
have even explored the ocean itself on that side; and fame reports that
columns of Hercules [184] are still remaining on that coast; whether it
be that Hercules was ever there in reality, or that whatever great and
magnificent is anywhere met with is, by common consent, ascribed to
his renowned name. The attempt of Drusus Germanicus [185] to make
discoveries in these parts was sufficiently daring; but the ocean
opposed any further inquiry into itself and Hercules. After a while no
one renewed the attempt; and it was thought more pious and reverential
to believe the actions of the gods, than to investigate them.
35. Hitherto we have traced the western side of Germany. It turns from
thence with a vast sweep to the north: and first occurs the country of
the Chauci, [186] which, though it begins immediately from Frisia, and
occupies part of the seashore, yet stretches so far as to border on
all the nations before mentioned, till it winds round so as to meet the
territories of the Catti. This immense tract is not only possessed, but
filled by the Chauci; a people the noblest of the Germans, who choose
to maintain their greatness by justice rather than violence. Without
ambition, without ungoverned desires, quiet and retired, they provoke
no wars, they are guilty of no rapine or plunder; and it is a principal
proof of their power and bravery, that the superiority they possess has
not been acquired by unjust means. Yet all have arms in readiness; [187]
and, if necessary, an army is soon raised: for they abound in men and
horses, and maintain their military reputation even in inaction.
36. Bordering on the Chauci and Catti are the Cherusci; [188] who, for
want of an enemy, long cherished a too lasting and enfeebling peace:
a state more flattering than secure; since the repose enjoyed amidst
ambitious and powerful neighbors is treacherous; and when an appeal is
made to the sword, moderation and probity are names appropriated by the
victors. Thus, the Cherusci, who formerly bore the titles of just and
upright, are now charged with cowardice and folly; and the good fortune
of the Catti, who subdued them, has grown into wisdom. The ruin of the
Cherusci involved that of the Fosi, [189] a neighboring tribe, equal
partakers of their adversity, although they had enjoyed an inferior
share of their prosperity.
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