The Germany and the Agricola of Tacitus — John Shaqi
The Germany and the Agricola of TacitusTacitus, Cornelius
History
The Germany and the Agricola of Tacitus
Tacitus, Cornelius
Agricola, Gnaeus Julius, 40-93; Germanic peoples -- Early works to 1800; Statesmen -- Rome -- Biography -- Early works to 1800
sea-coast--all these tribes are distinguished by round shields, short
swords, and submission to regal authority.
44. Next occur the communities of the Suiones, [244] seated in the very
Ocean, [245] who, besides their strength in men and arms, also possess a
naval force. [246] The form of their vessels differs from ours in having
a prow at each end, [247] so that they are always ready to advance. They
make no use of sails, nor have regular benches of oars at the sides:
they row, as is practised in some rivers, without order, sometimes on
one side, sometimes on the other, as occasion requires. These people
honor wealth; [248] for which reason they are subject to monarchical
government, without any limitations, [249] or precarious conditions of
allegiance. Nor are arms allowed to be kept promiscuously, as among the
other German nations: but are committed to the charge of a keeper, and
he, too, a slave. The pretext is, that the Ocean defends them from any
sudden incursions; and men unemployed, with arms in their hands, readily
become licentious. In fact, it is for the king's interest not to entrust
a noble, a freeman, or even an emancipated slave, with the custody of
arms.
45. Beyond the Suiones is another sea, sluggish and almost stagnant,
[250] by which the whole globe is imagined to be girt and enclosed, from
this circumstance, that the last light of the setting sun continues so
vivid till its rising, as to obscure the stars. [251] Popular belief
adds, that the sound of his emerging [252] from the ocean is also heard;
and the forms of deities, [253] with the rays beaming from his head, are
beheld. Only thus far, report says truly, does nature extend. [254] On
the right shore of the Suevic sea [255] dwell the tribes of the Aestii,
[256] whose dress and customs are the same with those of the Suevi, but
their language more resembles the British. [257] They worship the mother
of the gods; [258] and as the symbol of their superstition, they carry
about them the figures of wild boars. [250] This serves them in place of
armor and every other defence: it renders the votary of the goddess safe
even in the midst of foes. Their weapons are chiefly clubs, iron being
little used among them. They cultivate corn and other fruits of the
earth with more industry than German indolence commonly exerts. [260]
They even explore the sea; and are the only people who gather amber,
which by them is called _Glese_, [261] and is collected among the
shallows and upon the shore. [262] With the usual indifference of
barbarians, they have not inquired or ascertained from what natural
object or by what means it is produced. It long lay disregarded [263]
amidst other things thrown up by the sea, till our luxury [264] gave
it a name. Useless to them, they gather it in the rough; bring it
unwrought; and wonder at the price they receive. It would appear,
however, to be an exudation from certain trees; since reptiles, and even
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