The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
A curious phase of religion sprang up in the fall of 1882 among
some of the Indians on the southern part of Puget sound. It has
prevailed mainly among the Squaxon, Nisqually, Skokomish, and
Chehalis Indians, and has been called by its opponents the “Shake
religion,” and its followers have been called “Shakers” on account
of a large amount of nervous shaking which is a part of the form
of its observance. It is evidently based upon about the same
principles of the mind as the jerks and shouting at camp meetings
among the whites of the southern and western states fifty years
ago, when they were more ignorant and less acquainted with real
religion than they are now. When superstition, ignorance, dreams,
imagination, and religion are all mingled together, either among
whites, Indians, or people of any other race, they produce a
strange compound. It has proven so in this case.
In the fall of 1882 an Indian named John Slocum, who was living on
Skookum bay, in Mason county, apparently died. Some years previous
he had lived on the Skokomish reservation, where he had attended
a Protestant church, and had learned something of the white man’s
religion, God, Jesus Christ, and the morals inculcated. He had
also learned something in his early life of the Catholic religion
and its forms and ceremonies. Many Indians were present when he
was sick and apparently died. They said his neck was broken, and
that he remained dead for about six hours, when he returned to
life, jumped up, and ran off a short distance, and soon began to
converse with the people. Whether or not it was a case of suspended
animation is a question. A white man, a near neighbor of his, who
saw him before his apparent death, while he thus lay, and after his
resuscitation, said he believed the Indian was “playing possum.”
But the Indians believed that he really died and rose again.
The Indian stated that he died and attempted to go to heaven, but
could not enter it because he was so wicked. He was there told,
however, the way of life, and that he must return to this earth and
teach his people the way, and induce them to become Christians. He
gained a small band of followers, a church was built for him, and
he steadily preached to the people.
Affairs went on this way until the next August. Then, after
consultation with other Indians who favored him, especially on the
Skokomish reservation, it was decided to hold a big meeting. The
Indians of the surrounding region were called to go. They were told
that they would be lost if they did not; that four women would be
turned into angels; that persons would die and be raised to life
again, and that other wonderful things would be done.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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