The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
He disclaimed all responsibility for the ghost shirt which formed so
important a part of the dance costume among the Sioux; said that there
were no trances in the dance as performed among his people—a statement
confirmed by eye-witnesses among the neighboring ranchmen—and earnestly
repudiated any idea of hostility toward the whites, asserting that his
religion was one of universal peace. When questioned directly, he said
he believed it was better for the Indians to follow the white man’s
road and to adopt the habits of civilization. If appearances are in
evidence he is sincere in this, for he was dressed in a good suit of
white man’s clothing, and works regularly on a ranch, although living
in a wikiup. While he repudiated almost everything for which he had
been held responsible in the east, he asserted positively that he had
been to the spirit world and had been given a revelation and message
from God himself, with full control over the elements. From his uncle
I learned that Wovoka has five songs for making it rain, the first of
which brings on a mist or cloud, the second a snowfall, the third a
shower, and the fourth a hard rain or storm, while when he sings the
fifth song the weather again becomes clear.
I knew that he was holding something in reserve, as no Indian would
unbosom himself on religious matters to a white man with whom he had
not had a long and intimate acquaintance. Especially was this true
in view of the warlike turn affairs had taken across the mountains.
Consequently I accepted his statements with several grains of salt, but
on the whole he seemed to be honest in his belief and his supernatural
claims, although, like others of the priestly function, he occasionally
resorts to cheap trickery to keep up the impression as to his
miraculous powers. From some of the reports he is evidently an expert
sleight-of-hand performer. He makes no claim to be Christ, the Son of
God, as has been so often asserted in print. He does claim to be a
prophet who has received a divine revelation. I could not help feeling
that he was sincere in his repudiation of a number of the wonderful
things attributed to him, for the reason that he insisted so strongly
on other things fully as trying to the faith of a white man. He made
no argument and advanced no proofs, but said simply that he had been
with God, as though the statement no more admitted of controversy than
the proposition that 2 and 2 are 4. From Mr J. O. Gregory, formerly
employed at the agency, and well acquainted with the prophet, I learned
that Wovoka had once requested him to draw up and forward to the
President a statement of his supernatural claims, with a proposition
that if he could receive a small regular stipend he would take up his
residence on the reservation and agree to keep Nevada people informed
of all the latest news from heaven and to furnish rain whenever wanted.
The letter was never forwarded.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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