The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
I, Jack Wilson, love you all, and my heart is full of gladness for
the gifts you have brought me. When you get home I shall give you a
good cloud [rain?] which will make you feel good. I give you a good
spirit and give you all good paint. I want you to come again in
three months, some from each tribe there [the Indian Territory].
There will be a good deal of snow this year and some rain. In the
fall there will be such a rain as I have never given you before.
Grandfather [a universal title of reverence among Indians and here
meaning the messiah] says, when your friends die you must not cry.
You must not hurt anybody or do harm to anyone. You must not fight.
Do right always. It will give you satisfaction in life. This young
man has a good father and mother. [Possibly this refers to Casper
Edson, the young Arapaho who wrote down this message of Wovoka for
the delegation].
Do not tell the white people about this. Jesus is now upon the
earth. He appears like a cloud. The dead are all alive again. I do
not know when they will be here; maybe this fall or in the spring.
When the time comes there will be no more sickness and everyone
will be young again.
Do not refuse to work for the whites and do not make any trouble
with them until you leave them. When the earth shakes [at the
coming of the new world] do not be afraid. It will not hurt you.
I want you to dance every six weeks. Make a feast at the dance and
have food that everybody may eat. Then bathe in the water. That is
all. You will receive good words again from me some time. Do not
tell lies.
Every organized religion has a system of ethics, a system of mythology,
and a system of ritual observance. In this message from the high priest
of the Ghost dance we have a synopsis of all three. With regard to
the ritual part, ceremonial purification and bathing have formed a
part in some form or other of every great religion from the beginning
of history, while the religious dance dates back far beyond the day
when the daughter of Saul “looked through a window and saw King David
leaping and dancing before the Lord.” The feasting enjoined is a
part of every Indian ceremonial gathering, religious, political, or
social. The dance is to continue four successive nights, in accord with
the regular Indian system, in which _four_ is the sacred number, as
_three_ is in Christianity. In obedience to this message the southern
prairie tribes, after the return of the delegation in August, 1891,
ceased to hold frequent one-night dances at irregular intervals as
formerly without the ceremonial bathing, and adopted instead a system
of four-night dances at regular periods of six weeks, followed by
ceremonial bathing on the morning of the fifth day.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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