The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
The mythology of the doctrine is only briefly indicated, but the
principal articles are given. The dead are all arisen and the spirit
hosts are advancing and have already arrived at the boundaries of
this earth, led forward by the regenerator in shape of cloud-like
indistinctness. The spirit captain of the dead is always represented
under this shadowy semblance. The great change will be ushered in by a
trembling of the earth, at which the faithful are exhorted to feel no
alarm. The hope held out is the same that has inspired the Christian
for nineteen centuries—a happy immortality in perpetual youth. As
to fixing a date, the messiah is as cautious as his predecessor in
prophecy, who declares that “no man knoweth the time, not even the
angels of God.” His weather predictions also are about as definite as
the inspired utterances of the Delphian oracle.
The moral code inculcated is as pure and comprehensive in its
simplicity as anything found in religious systems from the days of
Gautama Buddha to the time of Jesus Christ. “_Do no harm to any one.
Do right always._” Could anything be more simple, and yet more exact
and exacting? It inculcates honesty—“_Do not tell lies._” It preaches
good will—“_Do no harm to any one._” It forbids the extravagant
mourning customs formerly common among the tribes—“_When your friends
die, you must not cry_,” which is interpreted by the prairie tribes as
forbidding the killing of horses, the burning of tipis and destruction
of property, the cutting off of the hair and the gashing of the body
with knives, all of which were formerly the sickening rule at every
death until forbidden by the new doctrine. As an Arapaho said to me
when his little boy died, “I shall not shoot any ponies, and my wife
will not gash her arms. We used to do this when our friends died,
because we thought we would never see them again, and it made us feel
bad. But now we know we shall all be united again.” If the Kiowa had
held to the Ghost-dance doctrine instead of abandoning it as they had
done, they would have been spared the loss of thousands of dollars in
horses, tipis, wagons, and other property destroyed, with much of the
mental suffering and all of the physical laceration that resulted in
consequence of the recent fatal epidemic in the tribe, when for weeks
and months the sound of wailing went up night and morning, and in every
camp men and women could be seen daily, with dress disordered and hair
cut close to the scalp, with blood hardened in clots upon the skin, or
streaming from mutilated fingers and fresh gashes on face, and arms,
and legs. It preaches peace with the whites and obedience to authority
until the day of deliverance shall come. Above all, it forbids
war—“_You must not fight._” It is hardly possible for us to realize the
tremendous and radical change which this doctrine works in the whole
spirit of savage life. The career of every Indian has been the warpath.
His proudest title has been that of warrior.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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