The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
The people from every tipi send for us to visit them; they are
people who died many years ago. Chasing Hawk, who died not long
ago, was there and we went to his tipi. He was living with his
wife, who was killed in war long ago. They live in a buffalo skin
tipi—a very large one—and he wanted all his friends to go there
to live. A son of Good Thunder, who died in war long ago, was one
who also took us to his tipi, so his father saw him. When coming
we come to a herd of buffaloes. We killed one and took everything
except the four feet, head, and tail, and when we came a little
ways from it there was the buffaloes come to life again and went
off. This was one of the messiah’s word came to truth. The messiah
said, “I will short your journey when you feel tired of the long
ways, if you call upon me.” This we did when we were tired. The
night came upon us, we stopped at a place and we called upon the
messiah to help us because we were tired of long journey. We went
to sleep and in the morning we found ourselves at a great distance
from where we stopped.
It is useless to assert that these men, who had been selected by
the chiefs of their tribe to investigate and report upon the truth
or falsity of the messiah rumors, were all liars, and that all the
Cheyenne, Arapaho, and other delegates who reported equally wonderful
things were liars likewise. They were simply laboring under some
strange psychologic influence as yet unexplained. The story of the
revivified buffalo became so widely current as to form the subject of a
Kiowa ghost song.
Having mentioned some characteristics of the Ghost dance west of the
Rockies, we shall notice here some of the peculiar features of the
dance as it existed among the Sioux. The ceremony will be described in
detail later on.
Before going into the dance the men, or at least the leaders, fasted
for twenty-four hours, and then at sunrise entered the sweat-house for
the religious rite of purification preliminary to painting themselves
for the dance. The sweat-house is a small circular framework of willow
branches driven into the ground and bent over and brought together at
the top in such a way that when covered with blankets or buffalo robes
the structure forms a diminutive round-top tipi just high enough to
enable several persons to sit or to stand in a stooping posture inside.
The doorway faces the east, as is the rule in Indian structures, and at
the distance of a few feet in front of the doorway is a small mound of
earth, on which is placed a buffalo skull, with the head turned as if
looking into the lodge. The earth of which the mound is formed is taken
from a hole dug in the center of the lodge. Near the sweat-house, on
the outside, there is frequently a tall sacrifice pole, from the top of
which are hung strips of bright-colored cloth, packages of tobacco, or
other offerings to the deity invoked by the devotee on any particular
occasion.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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