The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
Authorities differ as to the number of Indians present and killed
at Wounded Knee. General Ruger states that the band numbered about
340, including about 100 warriors, but Major Whitside, to whom they
surrendered, reported them officially as numbering 120 men and 250
women and children, a total of 370. (_War, 15_; _G. D., 38_.) This
agrees almost exactly with the statement made to the author by Mr
Asay, a trader who was present at the surrender. General Miles says
that there were present 106 warriors, a few others being absent at the
time in search of the party under Kicking Bear and Short Bull. (_War,
16._) Among those who surrendered were about 70 refugees from the
bands of Sitting Bull and Hump. (_G. D., 39._) No exact account of the
dead could be made immediately after the fight, on account of a second
attack by another party of Indians coming up from the agency. Some of
the dead and wounded left on the field were undoubtedly carried off by
their friends before the burial party came out three days later, and of
those brought in alive a number afterward died of wounds and exposure,
but received no notice in the official reports. The Adjutant-General,
in response to a letter of inquiry, states that 128 Indians were killed
and 33 wounded. Commissioner Morgan, in his official report, makes the
number killed 146. (_Comr., 36._) Both these estimates are evidently
too low. General Miles, in his final report, states that about 200
men, women, and children were killed. (_War, 17._) General Colby, who
commanded the Nebraska state troops, says that about 100 men and over
120 women and children were found dead on the field, a total of about
220. (_Colby, 4._) Agent Royer telegraphed immediately after the fight
that about 300 Indians had been killed, and General Miles, telegraphing
on the same day, says, “I think very few Indians have escaped.” (_G.
D., 40._) Fifty-one Indians were brought in the same day by the troops,
and a few others were found still alive by the burial party three days
later. A number of these afterward died. No considerable number got
away, being unable to reach their ponies after the fight began. General
Miles states that 98 warriors were killed on the field. (_War, 18._)
The whole number killed on the field, or who later died from wounds and
exposure, was probably very nearly 300.
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