The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.Mooney, James
Religion
The Ghost-dance religion and the Sioux outbreak of 1890 : $b Fourteenth annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology, part 2.
Mooney, James
Dakota Indians -- Wars, 1890-1891; Ghost dance
This morning’s press dispatches contain an account of Porcupine’s
visit to Walker lake ... that proves to me that the religion
started at Walker lake eighteen years ago is the same that is now
agitating the Indian world. There is nothing in it to cause trouble
between whites and Indians unless the new Messiah is misquoted and
his doctrine misconstrued. I left Walker Lake reserve in June,
1873, and at the time supposed this craze would die out, but have
several times since been reminded by Nevada papers and letters that
it was gradually spreading. (_G. D., 3._)
The name given by Campbell certainly does not much resemble Tävibo, but
it is quite possible that the father, like the son, had more than one
name. It is also possible that “Waughzeewaughber” was not the prophet
described by Captain Lee, but one of his disciples who had taken up
and modified the original doctrine. The name Tävibo refers to the east
(_tävänagwat_) or place where the sun (_täbi_) rises. By the cognate
Shoshoni and Comanche the whites are called _Taivo_.
From oral information of Professor A. H. Thompson, of the United States
Geological Survey, I learn some particulars of the advent of the new
doctrine among the Paiute of southwestern Utah. While his party was
engaged in that section in the spring of 1875, a great excitement was
caused among the Indians by the report that two mysterious beings
with white skins (it will be remembered that the father of Wovoka was
named Tävibo or “white man”) had appeared among the Paiute far to the
west and announced a speedy resurrection of all the dead Indians, the
restoration of the game, and the return of the old-time primitive life.
Under the new order of things, moreover, both races alike were to be
white. A number of Indians from Utah went over into Nevada, where they
met others who claimed to have seen these mysterious visitors farther
in the west. On their return to Utah they brought back with them the
ceremonial of the new belief, the chief part of the ritual being a
dance performed at night in a circle, with no fire in the center, very
much as in the modern Ghost dance.
It is said that the Mormons, who hold the theory that the Indians are
the descendants of the supposititious “ten lost tribes,” cherish, as
a part of their faith, the tradition that some of the lost Hebrew
emigrants are still ice-bound in the frozen north, whence they will one
day emerge to rejoin their brethren in the south. When the news of this
Indian revelation came to their ears, the Mormon priests accepted it
as a prophecy of speedy fulfillment of their own traditions, and Orson
Pratt, one of the most prominent leaders, preached a sermon, which was
extensively copied and commented on at the time, urging the faithful
to arrange their affairs and put their houses in order to receive the
long-awaited wanderers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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