[9] “It is calculated that in four years (1653-1657) English firms of slave-dealers shipped 6,400 Irish men and women, boys and maidens, to the British colonies of North America.” A. J. Thebaud, _The Irish Race in the Past and Present_, N. Y., 1893, p. 385. [10] Rev. T. A. Spencer, _History of the United States_, Vol. I, p. 305. [11] Henry Pratt Fairchild, _Immigration: A world movement, and its American significance_, N. Y., 1913, p. 47. See also _Archives of Maryland_, Vol. 22, p. 497. [12] Charles A. and Mary R. Beard, _History of the United States_, N. Y., 1921, p. 11. [13] Fairchild, p. 35. [14] Henry Cabot Lodge, _A Short History of the English Colonies in America_, N. Y., 1881, p. 70. [15] Beard, p. 15. [16] Beard, p. 16. [17] W. E. Burghardt DuBois, _Suppression of the Slave Trade_, Harvard Historical Studies, No. 1, p. 5. [18] John R. Commons, _Races and Immigrants in America_, N. Y., 1907, p. 53. [19] Adam Seybert, _Statistical Annals of the United States_, Phila., 1818, p. 29. [20] Young, _Special Report on Immigration_, Phila., 1871, p. 5. [21] Bromwell, p. 145. [22] _Ibid._, p. 16. [23] _Ibid._, p. 18. [24] _Ibid._, pp. 16-17. [25] Young, p. 6. [26] _Ibid._, p. 6. [27] _Special Consular Reports_, Vol. 30, p. 8. [28] _Immigration and Emigration_, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, 1915, p. 1099. [29] _Ibid._ [30] _Reports of Department of Labor_, Washington, 1915. [31] _Ibid._ [32] _Reports of Department of Labor_, Washington, 1918, p. 208. [33] _Reports of Department of Labor_, Washington, 1920, p. 400. [34] _Reports of Department of Labor_, Washington, 1921, p. 365. [35] From a Spanish Romance called _La Sergas de Espladian_, by Garcia de Montalvo, published in 1510; translated in Beasley’s _The Negro Trail Blazers of California_, p. 18. [36] Cf. Wiener, _Africa and the Discovery of America_, Vol. 1, pp. 169-70, 172, 174-5; Vol. 3, p. 322; Thurston, _Antiquities of Tennessee_, etc., 1890, p. 105; De Charnay, _Ancient Cities of the New World_ (trans. by Gonino and Conant, 1887), pp. 132ff.; Kabell, _America för Columbus_, 1892, p. 235. [37] J. B. Thacher, _Christopher Columbus_, 1903, Vol. 2, pp. 379-80; _Raccolta di documenti e studi publicati dalla R. Commissione Colombiana pel quarto centenario dalla scoperta dell’ America_, parte I, Rome, 1892, Vol. 1, p. 96. [38] i. e., Negro Traders. [39] Thacher, Vol. 2, pp. 379, 380; Wiener, Vol. 2, pp. 116-17. [40] Wiener, Vol. 3, p. 365. [41] _Memoir of Hernando de Essalante Fontanedo, respecting Florida_, translated from the Spanish by Buckingham Smith, Washington, 1854. [42] Oviedo y Valdes, _Historia general_, etc., Vol. 1, p. 286. [43] Wiener, Vol. 3, p. 365. [44] Wiener, Vol. 1, p. 190. [45] Helps, _Spanish Conquest in America_, Vol. 4, p. 401. [46] J. F. Rippy in _Journal of Negro History_, Vol. 6, p. 183. [47] Helps, Vol. 1, p. 421. [48] Rippy, _loc. cit._