[178] Chicago Weekly _Inter-Ocean_, Dec. 26, 1890. [179] Cf. Atlanta University Pub. No. 6 and No. 16. [180] This speech was made in the South Carolina Constitutional Convention of 1890 which disfranchised the Negro, by the Hon. Thomas E. Miller, ex-congressman and one of the six Negro members of the Convention. The Convention did not have the courage to publish it in their proceedings but it may be found in the Occasional Papers of the American Negro Academy No. 6, pp. 11-13. [181] Cf. W. E. B. Du Bois, _Reconstruction_ (American Historical Review, XV, No. 4, p. 871). W. E. B. Du Bois, _Economics of Negro Emancipation_ (Sociological Review, Oct., 1911, p. 303). [182] O. O. Howard, _Autobiography_, New York, 1907, Vol. 2, pp. 361-7, 371-2. [183] Testimony of the presiding officer, Mrs. Frances D. Gage, in “_Narrative of Sojourner Truth_,” 1884, pp. 134-5. [184] Goodell, _Slave Code_, p. 111. [185] Robertson, _Louisiana under the Rule of Spain_, Vol. 1, pp. 67, 103, 111; Dunbar-Nelson, in _Journal of Negro History_, Vol. 2, p. 56. [186] Dunbar-Nelson, _loc. cit._ [187] Dunbar-Nelson, _op. cit._, p. 62; Martineau, _Society in America_, p. 326ff. [188] Brownie’s Book, March, 1921. [189] Beasley, _Negro Trail Blazers_, pp. 95-7. [190] Cf. Annual Reports National Association of Colored Women; Atlanta University Publications, No. 14. [191] Du Bois, _Souls of Black Folk_, Chapter No. 14. [192] W. F. Allen and others, _Slave Songs of the United States_, New York, 1867. [193] G. D. Pike, _The Jubilee Singers_, New York, 1873. [194] James Weldon Johnson, _Book of American Negro Poetry_, New York, 1922. [195] H. E. Krehbiel, _Afro-American Folksongs_, New York, 1914; cf. also John W. Work, _Folksong of the American Negro_, Nashville, Tenn., 1915. [196] Natalie Curtis-Burlin, _Negro Folksongs_, 4 books, 1918-19; _Songs and Tales from the Dark Continent_, 1920. [197] Benjamin Brawley, _Negro in Literature and Art_. [198] Alice Dunbar-Nelson in _Journal of Negro History_, Vol. 2, p. 55. [199] Washington, _Story of the Negro_, Vol. 2, pp. 276-7. [200] Cf. Benjamin Brawley, _The Negro in Literature and Art_, New York, 1921. [201] Cf. Preface to James Weldon Johnson’s _The Book of American Negro Poetry_, New York, 1922. [202] T. W. Talley, _Negro Folk Rhymes_. [203] Cf. W. E. B. Du Bois, _The Negro in Literature and Art_ (Annals American Academy, Sept., 1913). [204] A. A. Schomberg, _A Bibliographical Checklist of American Negro Poetry_, New York, 1916. [205] Preface to Claud McKay’s _Harlem Shadows_. [206] Cf. Freeman H. M. Murray, _Emancipation and the Freed in American Sculpture_, Washington, D. C., 1916. [207] _Journal of Negro History_, Vol. 3, p. 99ff. Later, Jefferson writing to an American thought Banneker had “a mind of very common stature indeed”. [208] Charles C. Jones, _Religious Instruction of the Negroes_, Savannah, 1842. [209] M. H. Kingsley, _West African Studies_.