The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are relatedTyndall, John
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The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are related
Tyndall, John
Alps -- Description and travel; Glaciers -- Alps
It was thus placed beyond doubt that the point of maximum motion of the
Mer de Glace, at the place referred to, is not the centre of the
glacier. But, to make assurance doubly sure, I examined the comparative
motion along three other lines, and found in all the same undeviating
result.
This result is not only unexpected, but is quite at variance with the
opinions hitherto held regarding the motion of the Mer de Glace. The
reader knows that the trunk-stream is composed of three great
tributaries from the Geant, the Lechaud, and the Talefre. The Glacier du
Geant fills more than half of the trunk-valley, and the junction between
it and its neighbours is plainly marked by the dirt upon the surface of
the latter. In fact four medial moraines are crowded together on the
eastern side of the glacier, and before reaching the Montanvert they
have strewn their debris quite over the adjacent ice. A distinct limit
is thus formed between the clean Glacier du Geant and the other dirty
tributaries of the trunk-stream.
Now the eastern side of the Mer de Glace is observed on the whole to be
much more fiercely torn than the western side, and this excessive
crevassing has been referred to _the swifter motion of the Glacier du
Geant_. It has been thought that, like a powerful river, this glacier
drags its more sluggish neighbours after it, and thus tears them in the
manner observed. But the measurement of the foregoing three lines shows
that this cannot be the true cause of the crevassing. In each case the
stakes which moved quickest _lay upon the dirty portion of the
trunk-stream_, far to the east of the line of junction of the Glacier du
Geant, which in fact moved slowest of all.
[Sidenote: LAW OF MOTION SOUGHT.]
The general view of the glacier, and of the shape of the valley which it
filled, suggested to me that the analogy with a river might perhaps make
itself good beyond the limits hitherto contemplated. The valley was not
straight, but sinuous. At the Montanvert the convex side of the glacier
was turned eastward; at some distance higher up, near the passages
called _Les Ponts_, it was turned westward; and higher up again it was
turned once more, for a long stretch, eastward. Thus between Trelaporte
and the Ponts we had what is called a point of contrary flexure, and
between the Ponts and the Montanvert a second point of the same kind.
[Sidenote: CONJECTURE REGARDING CHANGE OF FLEXURE.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are related — John Shaqi
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