The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are relatedTyndall, John
Science
The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are related
Tyndall, John
Alps -- Description and travel; Glaciers -- Alps
Referring to the last table, it will be seen that the two stakes
numbered 12 and 13 moved with a common velocity of 23-1/4 inches per
day, and that their motion is swifter than that of any of the others.
The point of swiftest motion may be taken midway between them, and this
point was found by measurement to lie 233 yards _west_ of the dirt which
marked the junction of the Glacier du Geant with its fellow tributaries:
whereas, in the former cases, it lay a considerable distance _east_ of
this limit. Its distance from the eastern side of the glacier was 601
yards, and from the western side 262 yards, being 170 yards west of the
centre of the glacier.
[Sidenote: CONJECTURE TESTED.]
But the measurements enabled me to take the stakes in pairs, and to
compare the velocity of a number of them which stood at certain
distances from the eastern side of the valley, with an equal number
which stood at the same distances from the western side. By thus
arranging the points two by two, I was able to compare the motion of the
entire body of the ice at the one side of the central line with that of
the ice at the other side. Stake 17 stood about as far from the western
side of the glacier as stake 3 did from its eastern side; 16 occupied
the same relation to 4; 15, to 5; 13, to 7; and 12, to 9.
Calling each pair of points which thus stand at equal distances from the
opposite sides _corresponding points_, the following little table
exhibits their comparative motions:--
Numbers and Velocities of Corresponding Points on the Fourth Line.
No. Vel. No. Vel. No. Vel. No. Vel. No. Vel.
West 17 15 16 17-1/4 15 22-1/4 13 23-1/4 12 23-1/4
East 3 12-1/2 4 15-1/4 5 15-1/2 7 18-1/4 9 19-1/2
[Sidenote: WESTERN HALF MOVES QUICKEST.]
The table explains itself. We see that while stake 17, which stands
_west_ of the centre, moves 15 inches, stake 3, which stands an equal
distance _east_ of the centre, moves only 12-1/2 inches. Comparing every
pair of the other points, we find the same to hold good; the western
stake moves in each case faster than the corresponding eastern one.
Hence, _the entire western half of the Mer de Glace, at the place
crossed by our fourth line, moves more quickly than the eastern half of
the glacier_.
We next proceeded farther up, and tested the contrary curvature of the
glacier, opposite to Trelaporte. The station chosen for this purpose was
on a grassy platform of the promontory, whence, on the 28th of July, a
row of stakes was fixed at right angles to the axis of the glacier.
Their motions, measured on the 31st, gave the following results:--
Fifth Line.[B]--Daily Motion.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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