The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are relatedTyndall, John
Science
The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are related
Tyndall, John
Alps -- Description and travel; Glaciers -- Alps
No. of stake. Inches.
West 1 moved 11-1/4
2 " 13-1/2
3 " 12-3/4
4 " 15
5 " 15-1/4
6 " 16
7 " 17-1/4
8 " 19-1/4
9 moved 19-3/4
10 " 19
11 " 19-1/2
12 " 17-1/2
13 " 16
14 " 14-3/4
15 " 10 East.
This line was set out and numbered from the Trelaporte side of the
valley, and was also measured by Mr. Hirst, over boulders, ice-ridges,
chasms, and moraines. The entire width of the glacier here was found to
be 893 yards, or somewhat wider than it is at the Ponts. It will also be
observed that its motion is somewhat slower.
An inspection of the notes of this line showed me that stakes 3 and 14,
4 and 12, 7 and 10, were "corresponding points;" the first of each pair
standing as far from the western side, as the second stood from the
eastern. In the following table these points and their velocities are
arranged exactly as in the case of the fourth line.
Numbers and Velocities of the Corresponding Points on the Fifth Line.
No. Vel. No. Vel. No. Vel.
West 3 12-3/4 4 15 7 17-1/4
East 14 14-3/4 12 17-1/2 10 19
[Sidenote: EASTERN HALF MOVES QUICKEST.]
In each case we find that the stake on the eastern side moves more
quickly than the corresponding one upon the western side: so that where
the fifth line crosses the glacier _the eastern half of the Mer de Glace
moves more quickly than the western half_. This is the reverse of the
result obtained at our fourth line, but it agrees with that obtained on
our first three lines, where the curvature of the valley is similar. The
analogy between a river and a glacier moving through a sinuous valley is
therefore complete.
Supposing the points of maximum motion to be determined for a great
number of lines across the glacier, the line uniting all these points is
what mathematicians would call the _locus_ of the point of maximum
motion. At Trelaporte this line would lie east of the centre; at the
Ponts it would lie west of the centre; hence, in passing from Trelaporte
to the Ponts, it must cross the axis of the glacier. Again, at the
Montanvert, it would lie east of the centre, and between the Ponts and
the Montanvert the axis of the glacier would be crossed a second time.
Supposing the dotted line in Fig. 21 to represent the middle line of the
glacier, then the defined line would represent the locus of the point of
maximum motion. _It is a curve more deeply sinuous than the valley
itself, and it crosses the axis of the glacier at each point of contrary
flexure._
[Sidenote: LOCUS OF POINT OF SWIFTEST MOTION.]
[Illustration: Fig. 21. Locus of the Point of Maximum Motion.]
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