The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are relatedTyndall, John
Science
The Glaciers of the Alps: Being a narrative of excursions and ascents, an account of the origin and phenomena of glaciers and an exposition of the physical principles to which they are related
Tyndall, John
Alps -- Description and travel; Glaciers -- Alps
An illustration almost as good, and equally accessible, is furnished by
the Glacier of the Rhone. I have examined the grand cascade of this
glacier from both sides; and an ordinary mountaineer will find little
difficulty in reaching a point from which the fall and the terminal
portion of the glacier are both distinctly visible. Here also he will
find the cliffy ridges separated from each other by transverse chasms,
becoming more and more subdued at the bottom of the fall, and
disappearing entirely lower down the glacier. As in the case of the
Grindelwald Glacier the squeezing of the protuberances and of the spaces
between them, is quite apparent, and where this squeezing commences the
transverse structure makes its appearance. All the ice that forms the
lower portion of this glacier has to pass through the _structure-mill_
at the bottom of the fall, and the consequence is that _it is all
laminated_.
[Sidenote: STRUCTURE OF RHONE GLACIER.]
[Illustration: Fig. 41. Plan of part of ice-fall, and of glacier below
it (Glacier of the Rhone).]
[Illustration: Fig. 42. Section of part of ice-fall, and of glacier
below it (Glacier of the Rhone).]
[Sidenote: TRANSVERSE STRUCTURE.]
This case of structural development will be better appreciated on
reference to Figs. 41 and 42, the former of which is a plan, and the
latter a section, of a part of the ice-fall and of the glacier below it;
_a b e f_ is the gorge of the fall, _f b_ being the base. The transverse
cliffy ice-ridges are shown crossing the cascade, being subdued at the
base to protuberances which gradually disappear as they advance
downwards. The structure sweeps over the glacier in the direction of the
fine curved lines; and I have also endeavoured to show the direction of
the radial crevasses, which, in the centre at least, are at right angles
to the veins. To the manifestation of structure here considered I have,
for the sake of convenient reference, applied the term _transverse
structure_.
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