[Illustration: Late Greek Vase-painting: from a _Pelike_ in the British Museum.] [Illustration: THE PRAYING BOY _Mansell & Co._] GLOSSARY For explanation of words marked A refer to the architectural diagrams on page 107. _Acroterion_, A. _Ægis_, a breastplate adorned with the head of a Gorgon and a fringe of serpents, an attribute of Zeus and Athena. _Agora_, market-place. _Amphictyony_, neighbouring states grouped in a religious union. _Amphiprostyle_, a building with columned porch at both ends. _Aniconic_, without images, an early stage of religion. _Anthropomorphism_, the religious habit of representing gods as men. _Architrave_, A. _Archon_, a ruler or magistrate; a board of nine at Athens. _Aretē_, virtue; strictly, the quality of a man. _Aulētris_, female player on the clarinets. Βασιλεἴς, kings or chiefs. _Caduceus_, the snake-wreathed wand carried by Hermes. _Caryatid_, a column carved to represent a maiden. _Cella_, the nave or main chamber of a temple. _Chiton_, a tunic fastened on the left shoulder. _Chlamys_, a short mantle worn by Spartans and soldiers. _Chthonic animism_, worship of subterranean spirits, generally including cult of the dead and of the reproductive powers of Nature. _Choregus_, the man who equipped a chorus for a stage play; generally a man of wealth on whom this duty was laid as a sort of tax. _Chryselephantine_, made of gold and ivory. _Decadrachm_, a coin of ten drachms (francs). _Deme_, a parish. _Dōma_, house-place, resembling the medieval hall. _Ecclesia_, the Athenian assembly. _Echinus_, A. _Entablature_, that part of a classical building which rests upon the columns and supports the roof; it includes architrave and frieze. _Entasis_, a system of optical correction employed in Greek architecture (see page 161). _Ephebus_, a youth of about eighteen. _Ephorate_, the board of “overseers” at Sparta. ἦθος, character, spiritual quality. _Gerousia_ } _Gerontes_ } Senate and senators of Sparta. _Guttæ_, A. _Harmosts_, Spartan governors of conquered cities. _Hegemony_, leadership, undefined suzerainty. _Hexastyle_, with six columns. _Hierophant_, a priest of the mysteries. _Hoplites_, heavy armed infantry. _In antis_, columns at the end of a building, between the ends of the side walls produced, are said to be in antis. _Iconic_, with images, a stage of religious worship. _Kuanos_, a blue transparent paste, resembling glass. _Kylix_, a goblet. _Lecythus_, oil-jar, a certain shape of Greek pottery. _Liturgy_, a public duty imposed as a tax upon the rich. _Megaron_, hall. _Metopes_, A. _Palæstra_, wrestling-ground.