Athens and the sea, 6; and silver-mines, 6; the state, 9; pays tribute to Minos, 16; occupations of the Athenians, 40; Pallas Athena and, 95; Theseus and, 97; agricultural, 97, 98; Eupatridæ, 97; democracy, 97; religious customs, 98; law-giving, 99; Homer and, 102; and the tyrants, 104, 115; Peisistratus and, 110; police, 111; state cults, 111; freedom of, 115; government, 116; the rise of, 132; attacks by Medes and Persians, 134-140; and a navy, 135; Athenian civilisation, 140; a democratic city-state, 140; Athenian empire, 141; Pericles and liberty, 142; conflict with Sparta, 143; Peloponnesian War, 143; capitulates, 144; freedom in, 145; Pericles’ ideal, 146; Pericles’ Athens, 150; the Long Walls, 163, 195, 198; buildings of, 167; aristocracy, 172; downfall and restoration, 194; popular government, 195, 197; oligarchy, 196; the Thirty Tyrants, 197; finance, 198; fourth-century Athens, 209; coinage, 225; legal system, 229; rebellion against aliens, 238; and Macedon, 240; oppressions, 244; enslaved by Demetrius, 252; her philosophers, 252; and Aristotle, 253; “Polity of Athens,” 255; intellectual life of the third century, 258; self-government under the Romans, 261; schools of philosophy, 261; Frankish dukes, 262. _See also_ Attica. Athens and Sparta, 40, 83, 94, 195, 206, 231 Athletics, Greek, antiquity of, 74, 76; religious significance, 74, 75, 76; a modernised programme of sports, 74; Pythian Games, 76; Olympian Games, 76, 78; nature of the contests, 77; sacrifice and ritual, 77; the competitors, 77; the judges, 77; the prize and honours, 78; discreditable practices, 78; anecdotes of Pausanias, 78; Euripides’ tirade against, 79; inspires sculpture, 80; nudity, 81 Atreus, 181 Attalids, 251 Attalus, 238 Attica and Northern invasion, 96; a city-state, 97, 111; the older worship of, 98 Attica, plain of, 9 Augustus and Alexander the Great, 242 _Aule_, 59 Aulis, 63 Autocracy, civilisation and, 32 Babylon, 241 Bacchiads, the, 104 Bacchylides, 113, 129 Bacon, 261 “Basileis,” 104 Basileus, 47 Bassæ, temple at, 169, 226 Beauty, Hellenism and, 4 Bentley, Richard, 129 Bias of Priene, 101, 122 Bion, 250 Black Sea, the, 110 Bœotia, 9, 142 Boethos, 220 Boston Museum, slabs in, 125 Boy Victor (statue), 160 Boy with thorn in foot (statue), 160 Branchidæ figures, 54 Brasidas, 93, 229 Breathings and accents, Greek, 248 British Museum, Elgin Marbles, 151, 164, 166; Strangford Shield, 156; frieze from Phigaleia, 170; statue of Demeter, &c., 219; head of Hypnos, 220; Mausolus, 221; Tanagra figures, 227; Head of Alexander, 246; the Portland Vase, 263 Bronze Age, the, 16, 19, 36 Bronzes, 220 Brunn on the Parthenon figures, 151 Bucchero nero, 18 Bucephalus, 242, 245 Bull, the Farnese (sculpture), 265 Bull-baiting, Cnossian, 25 Burial of the dead, 190