Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
Elsewhere Torquemada descants on the Quetzalcoatl myth as follows: A
body of men came from the north by way of Panuco, dressed in long robes
of black linen, cut low at the neck, with short sleeves. They came to
Tollan, but finding the country there too thickly peopled, passed on to
Cholula, where they were well received. Their chief was Quetzalcoatl, a
man with ruddy complexion and long beard. These people multiplied and
sent colonists to the Mixtec and Zapotec countries, raising the great
buildings at Mitla. They were cunning handicraftsmen, not so good at
masonry as at jewellers’ work, sculpture, and agriculture. Tezcatlipocâ
and Huemac conceived an enmity to Quetzalcoatl, and as he did not wish
to go to war with them, he and his folk removed to Onohualco (Yucatan,
Tabasco, and Campeche). [155]
Motolinia says of Quetzalcoatl that when Iztacmixcoatl, the Mexican
Adam, married his second wife Chimalmat, she bore him Quetzalcoatl, who
grew up chaste and temperate. He instituted fasting and mortification,
and never married. He founded the custom of drawing blood from the ears
and tongue in penitence. A certain Chichemecatl fastened a leather
strap to his arm, near the shoulder, and from that time this
Chichemecatl was known as Acolhuatl, and became the ancestor of the
Colhua. Quetzalcoatl was god of the air and many temples were raised to
him. [156]
Mendieta has much to say of Quetzalcoatl, but in a synopsis of his
account we retain only such circumstances as have not been already
alluded to: Many different traditions regarding Quetzalcoatl existed,
some saying that he was the son of Camacotli (Camaxtli), god of hunting
and fishing, and of his wife Chimialuna; others that Chimialuna, when
sweeping one day, found a chalchihuitl stone, by virtue of which she
became miraculously pregnant and gave birth to Quetzalcoatl, who came
either from Tollan or Yucatan. The people came to love him, not only
because he taught them handicrafts, and desired no offerings but those
of bread, flowers, and perfumes. He forbade all war and disturbance.
Pilgrims came to his shrine at Cholula from all parts of Mexico, even
the enemies of Cholula, and the lords of distant lands built them
chapels and idols there. Among all the gods only Quetzalcoatl was
called Lord, and men swore by him. The gods thought it well that the
people should have some means of writing by which they might direct
themselves, and two of their number, Oxomoco and Cipactonal, who dwelt
in a cave in Cuernavaca, especially considered the matter. Cipactonal
thought that her descendant Quetzalcoatl should be consulted, and she
called him into counsel. He, too, thought the idea of a calendar good,
and the two addressed themselves to the task of making the tonalamatl.
To Cipactonal was given the privilege of choosing and writing the first
sign. She painted the cipactli animal, and called the sign ce cipactli
(“one cipactli”). Oxmoco then wrote ome acatl (“two cane”), and
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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