Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
Sahagun describes her as follows in the Biblioteca del Palacio MS.:
“The face is yellow, with a red pattern superimposed. She wears a
collar of green precious stones, and a crown of paper adorned with a
quetzal-feather. The tunic and skirt are painted with water lines, and
she wears shells. Her sandals represent the foam of water. On her
shield is painted the emblem of a water flower, and she carries the
“mist rattle-staff.” Statuettes of Chalchihuitlicue are fairly common.
One found in the Valley of Mexico agrees to some extent with her
appearance in the Aubin tonalamatl, but not with that in Codex Borgia.
She wears the tasselled shawl and the chalchihuitl emblem adorns her
dress. Two other stone figures of her in the Uhde collection at Berlin
and one in the Christy collection at London are eloquent of her
insignia. In all of these she wears the tasselled shawl, and in the
Christy example and one of the Uhde figures the large back-bow is well
exemplified, as are the two plaits of hair descending at the back. In
the other Uhde specimen the plates are shown as part of a knot of the
cotton headdress, which is in all cases fringed with balls. In all
three figures large, full bands of some material descend over the ear.
A stone figure of her, found at the Castillo de Teayo in Vera Cruz and
now in the National Museum at Mexico, depicts her with a square
headdress, from which radiate what are evidently the feathers of
aquatic birds. She wears the V-shaped shawl or tippet and a skirt, on
each side of which the chalchihuitl emblem is shown and which is
fringed with shells. Teobert Maler reproduces another stone figure of
her wearing a high headdress of feathers and a necklace and wristlets
of chalchihuitls.
MYTHS
The interpreter of the Codex Telleriano-Remensis states that
“Chalchiuhtli, who presided over these thirteen days, saved herself in
the deluge. She is a woman who remained after the deluge. Her name
signifies the ‘Woman who wears a dress adorned with precious stones.’
They here fasted four days till death. They paint her holding in one
hand a spinning-wheel, and in the other a wooden instrument, with which
they weave; and in order to show that of the sons which women bring
forth some are slaves and others die in war, and others in poverty,
they paint her with a stream as if carrying them away, so that whether
rich or poor all were finally doomed.” The interpreter of Codex
Vaticanus A says that she is the same as the virgin Chimalman, who was
the mother of Quetzalcoatl. The myth to which this passage alludes is
dealt with in the section relating to Quetzalcoatl. Sahagun (bk. i, c.
ii) calls the goddess the sister of the Tlaloquê.
FESTIVALS
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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