Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
The festivals of this month were usually without human sacrifices, but
every fourth year was an exception to this. In such a year, on the
twentieth and last day of the month, men and women were slain as images
of the god of fire. The women who had to die carried all their apparel
and ornaments on their shoulders, and the men did the same. They were
decorated to resemble the god of fire; they ascended the teocalli,
walked round the sacrificial stone, and then descended and returned to
the place where they were to be kept for the night. Each man had a rope
tied round the middle of his body, which was held by his guards. At
midnight the hair of the crown of the head of each was shaven off
before the fire and kept for a relic, and the head itself was covered
with a mixture of resin and hen’s feathers. After this the victims
burned their clothing, or gave it away to their keepers, and as the
morning broke they were decorated with papers and led to the place of
sacrifice with singing and dancing. These festivities went on till
midday, when a priest of the temple, arrayed in the ornaments of the
god Paynal, came down, passed before the victims, and then went up
again. They were led up after him in the order in which they had to
die. There was then a grand dance of the nobles, led by the king
himself, each dancer wearing a high-crowned paper coronet, a kind of
false nose of blue paper, earrings of turquoise mosaic, or of wood
wrought with flowers, a blue, flowered jacket, and a mantle. Suspended
from the neck of each was the figure of a dog made of paper and painted
with flowers. In the right hand was carried a stick shaped like a
chopping-knife, the lower half of which was painted red and the upper
half white. In the left hand was carried a little paper bag of copal.
The dance was begun on the top of the teocalli, and finished by the
dancers descending and going four times round the courtyard of the
temple, after which all entered the palace with the king. This dance
took place only once in four years, and none but the king and his lords
could take part in it. On this day the ears of all children born during
the three preceding years were pierced with a bone awl, and the
children themselves passed near or through the flames of a fire. There
was a further ceremony of taking the children by the head and lifting
them up, “to make them grow,” and from this the month took its name,
yzcalli, meaning “growth.”
Ce itzcuintli.—Of this movable feast Sahagun says [293]:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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