Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
The myths dealing with the origin of the sun and the several epochs in
which he reappeared under different forms have already been given in
the chapter on Cosmogony, and in the précis of the opening chapters of
the Historia de los Mexicanos por sus Pinturas. The myths relating to
his paradise have also been dealt with in that chapter.
The interpreter of the Codex Vaticanus A says:
“It was Tonatiuh they affirm who conducted to heaven the souls of those
alone who died in war; and on this account they paint him with these
arms in his hands. He sits as a conqueror, exactly opposite to the
other who is near him, who is god of hell. They allege that the cause
of winter being so disagreeable is the absence of the sun, and that
summer is delightful on account of its presence; and that the return of
the sun from our zenith is nothing more than the approach of their god
to confer his favours on them.”
FESTIVALS
Nauollin.—One of the feasts of the Sun-god was held at the ceremony
known as nauollin (the “four motions,” alluding to the quivering
appearance of the sun’s rays) in the Quauhquauhtinchan (House of the
Eagles), an armoury set apart for the military order of that name. The
warriors gathered in this hall for the purpose of dispatching a
messenger to their lord the sun. High up on the wall of the principal
court was a great symbolic representation of the orb, painted upon a
brightly coloured cotton hanging. Before this copal and other fragrant
gums and spices were burned four times a day. The victim, a
war-captive, was placed at the foot of a long staircase leading up to
the stone on which he was to be sacrificed. He was clothed in red
striped with white and wore white plumes in his hair—colours symbolical
of the sun—while he bore a staff decorated with feathers and a shield
covered with tufts of cotton. He also carried a bundle of eagle’s
feathers and some paint on his shoulders, to enable the sun, to whom he
was the emissary, to paint his face. He was then addressed by the
officiating priest in the following terms: “Sir, we pray you go to our
god the sun, and greet him on our behalf; tell him that his sons and
warriors and chiefs and those who remain here beg of him to remember
them and to favour them from that place where he is, and to receive
this small offering which we send him. Give him the staff to help him
on his journey, and this shield for his defence, and all the rest that
you have in this bundle.” The victim, having undertaken to carry the
message to the Sun-god, was then dispatched upon his long journey.
Ome acatl or Toxiuhilpilia.—This great solar festival was celebrated
once in fifty-two years only, and signified the “binding of the years,”
the end of the solar cycle, when, it was believed, the “old” sun died
and a new luminary would take its place, or the world would be plunged
into darkness. Says Clavigero:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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