Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
This god, as Seler indicates, [321] is a variant of the planet Venus,
the morning star, who was regarded as the shooting god and who was
perhaps identical with Mixcoatl. The Anales de Quauhtitlan says that:
“When he appears he strikes various classes of people with his rays,
shoots them, sheds his light on them,” and these several types of
people thus shot are clearly to be seen in Codex Borgia, and in the
corresponding places of the other manuscripts, where their sequence is,
however, varied. That they stand in relation to the quarters of the
heavens there can be no doubt, but these quarters vary with the several
codices. Thus in Codex Borgia we find the jaguar occupying the north,
while in Vaticanus B and Bologna we find it occupying the fifth or
downward direction, and in this varying arrangement we probably see
differences of local conception. The deities or figures at which the
god hurled his spear are the jaguar, or Tezcatlipocâ, Chalchihuitlicue,
the black Tezcatlipocâ (probably as Tepeyollotl), Cinteotl, the
Tlatouani, or King, and the Yayotl, or the symbol of war; but these do
not agree with the “classes of people” shot by the god as given by the
Anales de Quauhtitlan, which states “that in the sign cipactli he
shoots old men and women, in the sign coatl he shoots the rain, for it
will not rain, in the sign atl, the universal drought, in the sign
acatl, kings and rulers, and in the sign olin, youths and maidens.”
This seems to me to indicate not so much that the god was identical
with Mixcoatl, as Seler states, although he may have had connections
with this deity, but that he typifies in some manner the evil
influences of the rays of the planet Venus at certain times of the
year. We know that the Mexicans, like many other peoples, believed that
the stars emanated influences good and bad, and as Seler himself states
in his essay on “The Venus Period in Picture-Writing,” [322] “it is
possible that we have on these pages simply an astrological speculation
arising from superstitious fear of the influence of the light of this
powerful planet. By natural association of ideas the rays of light
emitted by the sun or other luminous bodies are imagined to be darts or
arrows which are shot in all directions by the luminous body. The more
the rays are perceived to be productive of discomfort or injury, so
much the more fittingly does this apply. In this way the abstract noun
miotl or meyotli with the meaning ‘ray of light’ is derived from the
Mexican word mitl, ‘arrow’ ... thus miotli is the arrow which belongs
by nature to a body sending forth arrows, a luminous body.... When the
planet appeared anew in the heavens, smoke-vents and chimneys were
stopped up lest the light should penetrate into the house.... It is
hardly possible to see anything else in these figures struck by the
spear than augural speculations regarding the influence of the light
from the planet suggested by the initial signs of the period.” Seler
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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