Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
also points out that we possess the analogy of the periods in which the
Ciuateteô, or “spectre women,” send down similar baleful influences
from above.
COYOLXAUHQUI = “PAINTED WITH BELLS”
Relationship: Daughter of Coatlicue, sister of Uitzilopochtli and
the Centzonuitznaua.
ASPECT AND INSIGNIA
Stone-head from Great Temple of Mexico.—This represents her as having
on both cheeks the sign for “gold” and “bells,” hence the face of this
head is really painted (xauhqui) with bells (coyolli). As a
nose-ornament she has a peculiar pendant, consisting of a trapezoidal
figure and a ray, the motif of which is partially repeated in her
earrings. Her headdress is a small, close-fitting cap, the front of
which is embroidered in a downy feather-ball pattern.
MYTHS
The myth which describes her enmity to her mother, Coatlicue, and her
slaughter by her brother Uitzilopochtli, has already been recounted in
the section dealing with the latter god.
NATURE AND STATUS
Coyolxauhqui’s insignia, as seen in the stone head of her from the
great Temple of Mexico, is unquestionably that of a lunar goddess.
Moreover, the terms of the myth referred to above make it plain that
she represented the moon, who is “slain” by the first blow of the
xiuhcoatl, or fire-snake (the dawn). The fact that she was the only
sister of the four hundred stars, Centzonuitznaua, probably implies her
lunar significance.
TZITZIMIMÊ = “MONSTERS DESCENDING FROM ABOVE”
Minor Name: Petlacotzitzquique = “Upholders of the Cane Carpet.”
ASPECT AND INSIGNIA
Certain wall-paintings at Mitla afford a good representation of the
Tzitzimimê, who are represented as pulling the sun out of his cave by a
rope. In this case their character as stellar deities or demons is well
exemplified. The face often resembles that of a death’s-head and the
hair is puffed up in wig fashion. In Codex Borgia the Tzitzimimê are
represented as female figures with death’s-heads and jaguar-claws.
The insects pictured in the Codex Borbonicus are unquestionably
representations of the Tzitzimimê gods in their demon forms.
MYTHS
The interpreter of the Codex Vaticanus A equates them with the gods of
Mictlampa, or Hades, but his contemporary who edited the Codex
Telleriano-Remensis says of them:
“The proper signification of this name is the fall of the demons, who,
they say, were stars; and even still there are stars in heaven called
after their names, which are the following: Yzcatecaztli, Tlahvezcal
pantecuvtli, Ceyacatl, Achitumetl, Xacupancalqui, Mixauhmatl,
Tezcatlipocâ, and Contemoctli. These were their appellations as gods
before they fell from heaven, but they are now named Tzitzimitli, which
means something monstrous or dangerous.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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