Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
The four signs which alone might commence the year—acatl (reed),
tecpatl (flint), calli (house), tochtli (rabbit), took the numbers 1 to
13 continuously. The numbering of the years thus provided that every
one of the 52 years of the xiuhmolpilli (or Calendar Round) was
distinguished from every other. The whole cycle of 52 years was thus
divided into four quarters of 13 years each. These year-names were each
referred to a particular quarter of the heavens, the acatl years to the
east, tecpatl to the north, calli to the west, and tochtli to the
south. The computation began in the east with the acatl years,
strangely enough with 2 acatl, the cycle thus closing with 1 tochtli.
The Aztecs believed that the current epoch had begun with the year 1
tochtli, for it was in this period that the world had undergone
reconstruction. Not until this was completed could the first cycle of
52 years be begun. Therefore 2 acatl is the opening year of the first
and of all following cycles, and is usually represented by the picture
of a fire-drill. The years had also colours and patron gods of their
own as follows: acatl—yellow (gods Tonatiuh and Itztli); tecpatl—red
(god Mictlantecutli); calli—blue (earth-goddesses); tochtli—white
(Tlaloc).
Arranged in tabular form, this would appear as follows:
Year-name Direction Colour Patron God
Acatl East Yellow Tonatiuh and Itztli
Tecpatl North Red Mictlantecutli
Calli West Blue Earth-goddesses
Tochtli South White Tlaloc
THE NEMONTEMI
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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