Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
If, however, such similarities eventually made for the union of the
cults, traditions were not lacking regarding their early differences or
hostilities. As has been said, myths survived into historical times,
which stated that although Quetzalcoatl had succeeded in discovering
maize, Tlaloc had stolen it from him and had also succeeded in
alienating from him the affection of Chalchihuitlicue, who had
originally been regarded as the wife of Quetzalcoatl. [31] But these
myths are undeniably of late origin. Quetzalcoatl’s status as a
celibate god or priest would scarcely allow his name to be connected
with matrimony, and it is plain that Chalchihuitlicue, the water
goddess, is in a sense merely a personification of the chalchihuitl
stone, which was, perhaps, originally one of the symbols of the
Quetzalcoatl cult and which later became personified in female form,
thus giving rise to the myth in question. Nor do these tales
necessarily prove the priority of the Quetzalcoatl cult, which was
indeed regarded as responsible for practically all Mexican civilization
and which would naturally be credited with the introduction of the use
of the sacred stones.
THE CULT OF OBSIDIAN
But if the later Nahua immigrants also came to regard these
chalchihuitl stones with reverence, at the period of their entrance to
the Mexican plateau they paid devotion to a mineral of a very different
kind. And this it is which helps us to regard their faith as differing
entirely from those other faiths which already flourished in the land.
The mineral with which their cult was so closely connected was
obsidian, a vitreous natural glass found in the upper volcanic strata
of Mexico and northern California, which flakes readily from the core
by pressure and gains by mere fracture a razor-like edge of
considerable penetrative power. The principal quarry of this volcanic
glass was the mountain known as the Cerro de las Navajas (“hill of the
knives”) near Timapan, and from this centre the itztli, by which name
obsidian was known to the Mexicans, was widely distributed by barter
over a very considerable area. There would seem to be proof that this
mineral, so suitable for the purposes of the nomadic hunter, was
anciently known far to the north of Mexico. The observations of Dr. G.
M. Dawson [32] in British Columbia satisfied him that trading
intercourse was engaged in by the coast tribes with those of the
interior along the Frazer River Valley and far to the south. From the
remotest times embraced in their native traditions, the Bilqula of Dean
Inlet have possessed a trade route by way of the Bella Coola River to
the Tinné country, along which trail broken implements and chips of
obsidian have been found. Many of the routes in British Columbia have
also yielded chips and flakes of obsidian, which, the Tinné Indians
stated, was obtained from a mountain near the headwaters of the Salmon
River (about long. 125° 40′, lat. 52° 40′), formerly resorted to for
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