Aztec mythology; Indian mythology -- Mexico; Mexico -- Religion
Tezcatlipocâ was unquestionably the god of the itztli (obsidian) stone,
and Seler [132] has identified him with Iztli, the stone-knife god, the
second of the lords of the night. In certain codices, too, he is
represented as having such a knife in place of a foot, and we know that
it was a fairly common practice of the Mexican artists to indicate the
name or race of an individual by drawing one of his feet in a
hieroglyphical manner. [133] I believe, too, that the net-like garment
worn at times by the god above his other attire is an adaptation of the
mesh-bag in which Mexican hunters carried flints for use as spear- and
arrow-heads.
This, as well as the fact that he was the god of the sharp-cutting
obsidian from which such weapons were made, caused him to be regarded
as patron deity of the wild hunting Chichimecs of the northern steppes,
a connection which is eloquent of his erstwhile primitive character. It
is clear, too, that Chalchiuhtotolin, the jewelled fowl, which is ruler
of the eighteenth day-sign, tecpatl (obsidian knife), is merely a
variant of Tezcatlipocâ. [134]
But another important link connects Tezcatlipocâ with obsidian. Bernal
Diaz states that they called this “Tezcat.” From it mirrors were
manufactured as divinatory media by the wizard. Sahagun says [135] that
it was known as aitztli (water obsidian), probably because of the high
polish of which it was capable. Another such stone he mentions was
called tepochtli, which I would translate “wizard stone,” and from
which I think, by a process of etymological confusion, Tezcatlipocâ
received one of his minor names, Telpochtli, “the youth.” The name of
the god means “Smoking Mirror,” and Acosta [136] says that the Mexicans
called Tezcatlipocâ’s mirror irlacheaya (an obvious error for
tlachialoni) “his glass to look in,” otherwise the mirror or
scrying-stone in which he was able to witness the doings of mankind. It
is possible that the “smoke” which was said to rise from this mirror
symbolized the haziness which is supposed to cloud the surface of a
divinatory glass prior to the phenomenon of vision therein.
Thus from the shape beheld in the seer’s mirror, Tezcatlipocâ came to
be regarded as the seer. That into which the wizard gazed became so
closely identified with sorcery as to be thought of as wizard-like
itself; for Tezcatlipocâ is, of all Mexican deities, the one most
nearly connected with the wizard’s art. He is par excellence the
nocturnal god who haunts the crossways and appears in a myriad phantom
guises to the night-bound wayfarer. “These,” says Sahagun, “were masks
that Tezcatlipocâ assumed to frighten the people.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account