The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
It has been already mentioned, on the authority of Diodorus, that in
ancient Egypt the reapers were wont to lament over the first sheaf cut,
invoking Isis as the goddess to whom they owed the discovery of
corn.(1199) To the plaintive song or cry sung or uttered by Egyptian
reapers the Greeks gave the name of Maneros, and explained the name by a
story that Maneros, the only son of the first Egyptian king, invented
agriculture, and, dying an untimely death, was thus lamented by the
people.(1200) It appears, however, that the name Maneros is due to a
misunderstanding of the formula _mââ-ne-hra_, “come thou back,” which has
been discovered in various Egyptian writings, for example in the dirge of
Isis in the Book of the Dead.(1201) Hence we may suppose that the cry
_mââ-ne-hra_ was chanted by the reapers over the cut corn as a dirge for
the death of the corn-spirit (Isis or Osiris) and a prayer for its return.
As the cry was raised over the first ears reaped, it would seem that the
corn-spirit was believed by the Egyptians to be present in the first corn
cut and to die under the sickle. We have seen that in Java the first ears
of rice are taken to represent the Corn-bride and the
Corn-bridegroom.(1202) In parts of Russia the first sheaf is treated much
in the same way that the last sheaf is treated elsewhere. It is reaped by
the mistress herself, taken home and set in the place of honour near the
holy pictures; afterwards it is threshed separately, and some of its grain
is mixed with the next year’s seed-corn.(1203)
In Phoenicia and Western Asia a plaintive song, like that chanted by the
Egyptian corn-reapers, was sung at the vintage and probably (to judge by
analogy) also at harvest. This Phoenician song was called by the Greeks
Linus or Ailinus and explained, like Maneros, as a lament for the death of
a youth named Linus.(1204) According to one story Linus was brought up by
a shepherd, but torn to pieces by his dogs.(1205) But, like Maneros, the
name Linus or Ailinus appears to have originated in a verbal
misunderstanding, and to be nothing more than the cry _ai lanu_, that is
“woe to us,” which the Phoenicians probably uttered in mourning for
Adonis;(1206) at least Sappho seems to have regarded Adonis and Linus as
equivalent.(1207)
In Bithynia a like mournful ditty, called Bormus or Borimus, was chanted
by Mariandynian reapers. Bormus was said to have been a handsome youth,
the son of King Upias or of a wealthy and distinguished man. One summer
day, watching the reapers at work in his fields, he went to fetch them a
drink of water and was never heard of more. So the reapers sought for him,
calling him in plaintive strains, which they continued to use ever
afterwards.(1208)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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