The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
In these Khond sacrifices the Meriahs are represented by our authorities
as victims offered to propitiate the Earth Goddess. But from the treatment
of the victims both before and after death it appears that the custom
cannot be explained as merely a propitiatory sacrifice. A part of the
flesh certainly was offered to the Earth Goddess, but the rest of the
flesh was buried by each householder in his fields, and the ashes of the
other parts of the body were scattered over the fields, laid as paste on
the granaries, or mixed with the new corn. These latter customs imply that
to the body of the Meriah there was ascribed a direct or intrinsic power
of making the crops to grow, quite independent of the indirect efficacy
which it might have as an offering to secure the good-will of the deity.
In other words, the flesh and ashes of the victim were believed to be
endowed with a magical or physical power of fertilising the land. The same
intrinsic power was ascribed to the blood and tears of the Meriah, his
blood causing the redness of the turmeric and his tears producing rain;
for it can hardly be doubted that, originally at least, the tears were
supposed to produce rain, not merely to prognosticate it. Similarly the
custom of pouring water on the buried flesh of the Meriah was no doubt a
rain-charm. Again, intrinsic supernatural power as an attribute of the
Meriah appears in the sovereign virtue believed to reside in anything that
came from his person, as his hair or spittle. The ascription of such power
to the Meriah indicates that he was much more than a mere man sacrificed
to propitiate a deity. Once more, the extreme reverence paid him points to
the same conclusion. Major Campbell speaks of the Meriah as “being
regarded as something more than mortal,”(1290) and Major Macpherson says,
“A species of reverence, which it is not easy to distinguish from
adoration, is paid to him.”(1291) In short, the Meriah appears to have
been regarded as divine. As such, he may originally have represented the
Earth deity or perhaps a deity of vegetation; though in later times he
came to be regarded rather as a victim offered to a deity than as himself
an incarnate deity. This later view of the Meriah as a victim rather than
a god may perhaps have received undue emphasis from the European writers
who have described the Khond religion. Habituated to the later idea of
sacrifice as an offering made to a god for the purpose of conciliating his
favour, European observers are apt to interpret all religious slaughter in
this sense, and to suppose that wherever such slaughter takes place, there
must necessarily be a deity to whom the slaughter is believed by the
slayers to be acceptable. Thus their preconceived ideas unconsciously
colour and warp their descriptions of savage rites.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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