350 Once upon a time the Wotjaks of Russia, being distressed by a series of bad harvests, ascribed the calamity to the wrath of one of their gods, _Keremet_, at being unmarried. So they went in procession to the sacred grove, riding on gaily-decked waggons, as they do when they are fetching home a bride. At the sacred grove they feasted all night, and next morning they cut in the grove a square piece of turf which they took home with them. “What they meant by this marriage ceremony,” says the writer who reports it, “it is not easy to imagine. Perhaps, as Bechterew thinks, they meant to marry _Keremet_ to the kindly and fruitful _mukyl’c in_, the earth-wife, in order that she might influence him for good.”—Max Buch, _Die Wotjäken, eine ethnologische Studie_ (Stuttgart, 1882), p. 137. 351 At Cnossus in Crete, Diodorus, v. 72; at Samos, Lactantius, _Instit._ i. 17; at Athens, Photius, _sv._ ἱερὸν γάμον; _Etymolog. Magn._ _sv._ ἱερομνήμονες, p. 468. 52. _ 352 Iliad_, xiv. 347 _sqq._ 353 Demosthenes, _Neaer._ § 73 _sqq._ p. 1369 _sq._; Hesychius, _svv._ Διονύσου γάμος and γεραραί; _Etymol. Magn._ _sv._ γεραῖραι; Pollux, viii. 108; Aug. Mommsen, _Heortologie_, p. 357 _sqq._; Hermann, _Gottesdienstliche Alterthümer_,2 § 32. 15, § 58. 11 _sqq._ 354 Above, p. 7. 355 Above, p. 94. 356 Above, p. 95 _sq._ 357 Preller, _Griech. Mythol._3 i. 559. 358 Hyginus, _Astronomica_, i. 5. 359 Servius on Virgil, _Georg._ iii. 332, _nam, ut diximus, et omnis quercus Jovi est consecrata, et omnis lucus Dianae_. 360 Roscher’s _Lexikon d. Griech. u. Röm. Mythologie_, c. 1005. 361 See above, p. 4. For Diana in this character, see Roscher, _op. cit._ c. 1007. 362 Roscher, c. 1006 _sq._ 363 Castren, _Finnische Mythologie_, p. 97. 364 Mathias Michov, “De Sarmatia Asiana atque Europea,” in _Novus Orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum_, p. 457. 365 Livy, i. 45; Plutarch, _Quaest. Rom._ 4. 366 Virgil, _Aen._ viii. 600 _sq._, with Servius’s note. 367 Castren, _op. cit._ p. 97 _sq._ 368 Above, p. 4 _sq._ 369 Above, p. 66 _sq._ 370 Above, p. 6. 371 Above, p. 71. 372 Castren, _Finnische Mythologie_, pp. 92, 95. _ 373 Historic. Roman. Fragm._ ed. Peter, p. 52 (first ed.) _ 374 Manners and Customs of the Japanese in the Nineteenth Century. From recent Dutch Visitors to Japan, and the German of Dr. Ph. Fr. von Siebold_ (London, 1841), p. 141 _sqq._ 375 Kaempfer, “History of Japan,” in Pinkerton’s _Voyages and Travels_, vii. 716 _sq._ 376 Caron, “Account of Japan,” in Pinkerton’s _Voyages and Travels_, vii. 613. Compare Varenius, _Descriptio regni Japoniae_, p. 11, _Nunquam attingebant (quemadmodum et hodie id observat) pedes ipsius terram: radiis Solis caput nunquam illustrabatur: in apertum aërem non procedebat_, etc.