The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (Vol. 1 of 2)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
As some peoples believe a man’s soul to be in his shadow, so other (or the
same) peoples believe it to be in his reflection in water or a mirror.
Thus “the Andamanese do not regard their shadows but their reflections (in
any mirror) as their souls.”(472) Some of the Fijians thought that man has
two souls, a light one and a dark one; the dark one goes to Hades, the
light one is his reflection in water or a mirror.(473) When the Motumotu
of New Guinea first saw their likenesses in a looking-glass they thought
that their reflections were their souls.(474) The reflection-soul, being
external to the man, is exposed to much the same dangers as the
shadow-soul. As the shadow may be stabbed, so may the reflection. Hence an
Aztec mode of keeping sorcerers from the house was to leave a vessel of
water with a knife in it behind the door. When a sorcerer entered he was
so much alarmed at seeing his reflection in the water transfixed by a
knife that he turned and fled.(475) The Zulus will not look into a dark
pool because they think there is a beast in it which will take away their
reflections, so that they die.(476) The Basutos say that crocodiles have
the power of thus killing a man by dragging his reflection under
water.(477) In Saddle Island (Melanesia) there is a pool “into which if
any one looks he dies; the malignant spirit takes hold upon his life by
means of his reflection on the water.”(478)
We can now understand why it was a maxim both in ancient India and ancient
Greece not to look at one’s reflection in water, and why the Greeks
regarded it as an omen of death if a man dreamed of seeing himself so
reflected.(479) They feared that the water-spirits would drag the person’s
reflection (soul) under water, leaving him soulless to die. This was
probably the origin of the classical story of the beautiful Narcissus, who
pined and died in consequence of seeing his reflection in the water. The
explanation that he died for love of his own fair image was probably
devised later, after the old meaning of the story was forgotten. The same
ancient belief lingers, in a faded form, in the English superstition that
whoever sees a water-fairy must pine and die.
“Alas, the moon should ever beam
To show what man should never see!—
I saw a maiden on a stream,
And fair was she!
“I staid to watch, a little space,
Her parted lips if she would sing;
The waters closed above her face
With many a ring.
“I know my life will fade away,
I know that I must vainly pine,
For I am made of mortal clay,
But she’s divine!”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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