189 The heathen Harranians sacrificed swine once a year and ate the flesh; En-Nedim, in Chwolsohn’s _Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus_, ii. 42. My friend Professor W. Robertson Smith has conjectured that the wild boars annually sacrificed in Cyprus on 2d April (Joannes Lydus, _De mensibus_, iv. 45) represented Adonis himself. See his _Religion of the Semites_, i. 272 sq., 392. 190 Plutarch, _Quaest. Conviv._ iv. 5. 191 Isaiah lxv. 3, 4, lxvi. 3, 17. 192 Herodotus, ii. 47; Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 8; Aelian, _Nat. Anim._ x. 16. 193 Herodotus, _l.c._ 194 Plutarch and Aelian, _ll.cc._ 195 Herodotus, _l.c._ 196 Herodotus, ii. 47 _sq._; Aelian and Plutarch, _ll.cc._ Herodotus distinguishes the sacrifice to the moon from that to Osiris. According to him, at the sacrifice to the moon, the extremity of the pig’s tail, together with the spleen and the caul, were covered with fat and burned; the rest of the flesh was eaten. On the evening (not the eve, see Stein on the passage) of the festival the sacrifice to Osiris took place. Each man slew a pig before his door, then gave it to the swineherd, from whom he had bought it, to take away. 197 Riedel, _De sluik-en kroesharige rassen tusschen Selebes en Papua_, pp. 432, 452. _ 198 Third Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology_ (Washington), p. 225. _ 199 Ib._ p. 231. 200 J. Crevaux, _Voyages dans l’Amérique au Sud_, p. 59. 201 Turner, _Samoa_, pp. 17 _sq._, 50 _sq._ 202 Leviticus xvi. 23 _sq._ 203 Porphyry, _De abstin._ ii. 44. For this and the Jewish examples I am indebted to my friend Prof. W. Robertson Smith. 204 Mariner, _Tonga Islands_, i. 434, _note_; ii. 82, 222 _sq._ 205 Above, vol. i. p. 167 _sqq._ 206 Casalis, _The Basutos_, p. 211; Livingstone, _Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa_, p. 255; John Mackenzie, _Ten Years north of the Orange River_, p. 135 _note_. 207 J. Mackenzie, _l.c._ _ 208 Third Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology_ (Washington), p. 225. _ 209 Ib._ p. 275. 210 Turner, _Samoa_, p. 76. _ 211 Ib._ p. 70. 212 Diogenes Laertius, _Vitae Philos._ viii. 8. 213 Aelian, _Nat. Anim._ x. 16. The story is repeated by Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ xviii. 168. 214 Lefébure, _Le mythe Osirien_, i. 44. 215 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 8. Lefébure (_op. cit._ p. 46) recognises that in this story the boar is Typhon himself. 216 This important principle was first recognised by Prof. W. Robertson Smith. See his article “Sacrifice,” _Encycl. Britann._ 9th ed. xxi. 137 sq. Cp. his _Religion of the Semites_, pp. 353 _sq._, 391 _sq._ 217 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 31. 218 Lefébure, _Le mythe Osirien_, p. 48 _sq._ 219 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 33, 73; Diodorus, i. 88. 220 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 31; Diodorus, i. 88. Cp. Herodotus, ii. 38.