325 Scheube, _Die Ainos_, p. 4. 326 Scheube, “Baerencultus,” etc. p. 45; Joest, in _Verhandlungen d. Berliner Gesell. f. Anthropologie_, 1882, p. 188. _ 327 Trans. Ethnol. Soc. l.c._ 328 Miss Bird, _op. cit._ p. 277. 329 Scheube, _Die Ainos_, p. 15; Siebold, _op. cit._ p. 26; _Trans. Ethnol. Soc._ _l.c._; Rein, _Japan_, i. 447; Von Brandt, “The Ainos and Japanese,” in _Journ. Anthrop. Inst._ iii. 134; Miss Bird, _op. cit._ pp. 275, 276. 330 Scheube, _Die Ainos_, pp. 15, 16; _Journ. Anthrop. Inst._ iii. 134. 331 Scheube, _Die Ainos_, p. 16. 332 Reclus (_Nouvelle Géographie Universelle_, vii. 755) mentions a (Japanese?) legend which attributes the hairiness of the Ainos to the fact of their first ancestor having been suckled by a bear. But in the absence of other evidence this is no proof of totemism. 333 Rein, _Japan_, i. 447. 334 “Der Baerencultus,” etc. See above. 335 Scheube, “Baerencultus,” etc. p. 46; _id._, _Die Ainos_, p. 15; Miss Bird, _op. cit._ p. 273 _sq._ 336 Miss Bird, _op. cit._ p. 276 _sq._ Miss Bird’s information must be received with caution, as there are grounds for believing that her informant deceived her. 337 Siebold, _Ethnolog. Studien über die Ainos_, p. 26. 338 “Baerencultus,” etc. p. 50 _note_. 339 They inhabit the banks of the lower Amoor and the north of Saghalien. E. G. Ravenstein, _The Russians on the Amur_, p. 389. 340 “Notes on the River Amur and the adjacent districts,” translated from the Russian, _Journal Royal Geogr. Soc._ xxviii. (1858) p. 396. 341 Compare the custom of pinching the frog before cutting off his head, above vol. i. p. 93. In Japan sorceresses bury a dog in the earth, tease him, then cut off his head and put it in a box to be used in magic. Bastian, _Die Culturländer des alten Amerika_, i. 475 _note_, who adds “_wie im ostindischen Archipelago die Schutzseele gereizt wird_.” He probably refers to the Batta _Pang-hulu-balang_. See Rosenberg, _Der Malayische Archipel_, p. 59 _sq._; W. Ködding, “Die Batakschen Götter,” in _Allgemeine Missions-Zeitschrift_, xii. (1885) 478 _sq._; Neumann, “Het Pane-en Bila-stroomgebied op het eiland Sumatra,” in _Tijdschrift v. h. Nederl. Aardrijks Genootsch_. ii. series, dl. iii. Afdeeling: meer uitgebreide artikelen, No. 2, p. 306. 342 W. Joest, in Scheube, _Die Ainos_, p. 17; _Revue d’Ethnographie_, ii. 307 _sq._ (on the authority of Mr. Seeland); _Internationales Archiv für Ethnologie_, i. 102 (on the authority of Captain Jacobsen). What exactly is meant by “dancing as bears” (“_tanzen beide Geschlechter Reigentänze, wie Bären_,” Joest, _l.c._) does not appear. 343 Ravenstein, _The Russians on the Amur_, p. 379 _sq._; T. W. Atkinson, _Travels in the Regions of the Upper and Lower Amoor_ (London, 1860), p. 482 _sq._