415 Catlin, _O-Kee-pa_, Folium reservatum; Lewis and Clarke, _Travels to the Source of the Missouri River_ (London, 1815), i. 205 _sq._ 416 A. Bastian, in _Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie, und Urgeschichte_, 1870-71, p. 59. Reinegg (_Beschreibung des Kaukasus_, ii. 12 _sq._) describes what seems to be a sacrament of the Abghazses (Abchases). It takes place in the middle of autumn. A white ox called Ogginn appears from a holy cave, which is also called Ogginn. It is caught and led about amongst the assembled men (women are excluded) amid joyful cries. Then it is killed and eaten. Any man who did not get at least a scrap of the sacred flesh would deem himself most unfortunate. The bones are then carefully collected, burned in a great hole, and the ashes buried there. 417 Bastian, _Die Völker des östlichen Asien_, vi. 632 _note_. On the Kalmucks as a people of shepherds and on their diet of mutton, see Georgi, _Beschreibung aller Nationen des russischen Reichs_, p. 406 _sq._, cp. 207; B. Bergmann, _Nomadische Streifereien unter den Kalmücken_, ii. 80 _sqq._, 122; Pallas, _Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reichs_, i. 319, 325. According to Pallas, it is only rich Kalmucks who commonly kill their sheep or cattle for eating; ordinary Kalmucks do not usually kill them except in case of necessity or at great merry-makings. It is, therefore, especially the rich who need to make expiation. 418 W. E. Marshall, _Travels amongst the Todas_, p. 129 _sq._ On the Todas, see also above, vol. i. p. 41. 419 Marshall, _op. cit._ pp. 80 _sq._ 130. 420 R. W. Felkin, “Notes on the Madi or Moru tribe of Central Africa,” _Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh_, xii. (1882-84) p. 336 _sq._ 421 The fact that the flesh of sheep appears to be now eaten by the tribe as a regular article of food (Felkin, _op. cit._ p. 307), is not inconsistent with the original sanctity of the sheep. 422 See W. R. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_, i. p. 325 _sq._ _ 423 Panjab Notes and Queries_, ii. No. 555. 424 See Brand, _Popular Antiquities_, iii. 195 _sq._, Bohn’s ed.; Swainson, _Folk-lore of British Birds_, p. 36; E. Rolland, _Faune populaire de la France_, ii. 288 _sqq._ The names for it are βασιλίσκος, _regulus_, _rex avium_ (Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ viii. 90; x. 203), _re di siepe_, _reyezuelo_, _roitelet_, _roi des oiseaux_, _Zaunkönig_, etc. 425 Brand, _Popular Antiquities_, iii. 194. 426 Chambers, _Popular Rhymes of Scotland_, p. 188. _ 427 Ib._ p. 186. 428 P. Sébillot, _Traditions et Superstitions de la Haute Bretagne_, ii. 214. 429 Rolland, _op. cit._ ii. 294 _sq._; Sébillot, _l.c._; Swainson, _op. cit._ p. 42.