168–170; homoeopathic magic to avert misfortune, 170–174. § 3. _Contagious Magic_, pp. 174–214.—Supposed physical basis of sympathetic magic, 174 _sq._; effect of contagious magic in fostering cleanliness, 175; contagious magic of teeth, 176–182; contagious magic of navel-string and afterbirth or placenta, 182–200; afterbirth or navel-string a seat of the external soul, 200 _sq._; contagious magic of wounds and spilt blood, 201–205; contagious magic of garments, 205–207; contagious magic of footprints and other bodily impressions, 207–214. § 4. _The Magician’s Progress_, pp. 214–219.—Elevation of public magicians to the position of chiefs and kings, 214–216; rise of monarchy essential to the emergence of mankind from savagery, 216–219. CHAPTER IV.—MAGIC AND RELIGION • Pp. 220–243 Affinity of magic to science, 220 _sq._; its fatal flaw, 221 _sq._; relation of magic to religion, definition of religion, 222–224; opposition of principle between magic and science on the one side and religion on the other, 224–226; hostility of religion to magic in later history, 226; confusion of magic and religion in early times and among savages, 226–231; confusion of magic and religion in modern Europe, 231–233; confusion of magic and religion preceded by an earlier age in which magic existed without religion, 233 _sq._; universality of the belief in magic among the ignorant classes at the present day, 234–236; resulting danger to civilisation, 236 _sq._; change from magic to religion following the recognition of the inefficacy of magic, 237–240; the early gods viewed as magicians, 240–242; difficulty of detecting the fallacy of magic, 242 _sq._ CHAPTER V.—THE MAGICAL CONTROL OF THE WEATHER • Pp. 244–331 § 1. _The Public Magician_, pp. 244–247.—Two types of man-god, the religious and the magical, 244 _sq._; rise of a class of public magicians a step in social and intellectual progress, 245–247. {xxxi}