The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 01 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 01 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
The rule of total abstinence which Greek prudence and piety imposed
on the sun-god introduces us to a second class of natural phenomena
which primitive man commonly supposes to be in some degree under his
control and dependent on his exertions. As the magician thinks he can
make rain, so he fancies he can cause the sun to shine, and can hasten
or stay its going down. At an eclipse the Ojebways used to imagine
that the sun was being extinguished. So they shot fire-tipped arrows
in the air, hoping thus to rekindle his expiring light.[1092] The
Sencis of eastern Peru also shot burning arrows at the sun during
an eclipse, but apparently they did this not so much to relight his
lamp as to drive away a savage beast with which they supposed him to
be struggling.[1093] Conversely during an eclipse of the moon some
Indian tribes of the Orinoco used to bury lighted brands in the ground;
because, said they, if the moon were to be extinguished, all fire on
earth would be extinguished {p312} with her, except such as was hidden
from her sight.[1094] During an eclipse of the sun the Kamtchatkans
were wont to bring out fire from their huts and pray the great luminary
to shine as before.[1095] But the prayer addressed to the sun shews
that this ceremony was religious rather than magical. Purely magical,
on the other hand, was the ceremony observed on similar occasions by
the Chilcotin Indians of north-western America. Men and women tucked
up their robes, as they do in travelling, and then leaning on staves,
as if they were heavy laden, they continued to walk in a circle till
the eclipse was over.[1096] Apparently they thought thus to support
the failing steps of the sun as he trod his weary round in the sky.
Similarly in ancient Egypt the king, as the representative of the
sun, walked solemnly round the walls of a temple in order to ensure
that the sun should perform his daily journey round the sky without
the interruption of an eclipse or other mishap.[1097] And after the
autumnal equinox the ancient Egyptians held a festival called “the
nativity of the sun’s walking-stick,” because, as the luminary declined
daily in the sky, and his light and heat diminished, he was supposed
to need a staff on which to lean.[1098] In New Caledonia when a
wizard desires to make sunshine, he takes some plants and corals to
the burial-ground, and fashions them into a bundle, adding two locks
of hair cut from a living child of his family, also two teeth or an
entire jawbone from the skeleton of an ancestor. He then climbs a
mountain whose top catches the first rays of the morning sun. Here he
deposits three sorts of plants on a flat stone, places a branch of
dry coral beside them, and hangs the bundle of charms over the stone.
Next morning he returns to the spot and sets fire to the bundle at the
moment when {p313} the sun rises from the sea. As the smoke curls up,
he rubs the stone with the dry coral, invokes his ancestors and says:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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