The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 02 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 02 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
rules we may compare some of the obligations laid on the Flamen Dialis.
In the old days, as we saw, he was bound never to be absent from his
house for a single night. He might not touch or even name raw meat,
beans, ivy, and a she-goat; he might not eat leavened bread, nor touch a
dead body; and the feet of his bed had always to be smeared with
mud.[803] This last rule seems to be a mitigation of an older custom of
sleeping on the ground, a custom which is still observed by the
fire-priest in India, as it was in antiquity by the priests of Zeus at
Dodona.[804] Similarly the priest of the old Prussian god Potrimpo was
bound to sleep on the bare earth for three nights before he sacrificed
to the deity.[805]
[Sidenote: Mode in which the _Agnihotri_ procures fresh fire by the
friction of fire-sticks.] Every Agnihotri has a separate room in his
house where the sacred fire is kept burning in a small pit of a cubit
square. Should the fire chance to go out, the priest must get fresh fire
from another priest or procure it by the friction of fire-sticks
(_arani_). These comprise, first, a block of _sami_ wood (_Prosopis
spicigera_) in which a small hole is made emblematical of the female
principle (_sakti yoni_), and, second, an upright shaft which is made to
revolve in the hole of the block by means of a rope. The point in the
drill where the rope is applied to cause it to revolve is called _deva
yoni_. Two priests take part in the operation. Before they begin they
sing a hymn in honour of the fire-god Agni. When the fire has been
kindled they place it in a copper vessel and sprinkle it with powdered
cow-dung. When it is well alight, they cover it with another copper
vessel, sprinkle it with drops of water, and sing another hymn in honour
of Agni. Finally, the new fire is consigned to the fire-pit.[806]
According to another description of the modern Indian fire-drill, the
lower block is usually made of the hard wood of the _khadira_ or _khair_
tree (_Acacia catechu_), and it contains two shallow holes. In one of
these holes the revolving drill works and produces sparks by friction;
the other hole contains tinder which is ignited by means of the sparks.
This latter hole is known as the _yoni_, the female organ of generation.
The upper or revolving portion of the drill is called the _pramantha_.
It consists of a round shaft of hard wood, with a spike of softer wood
inserted in its lower end. One priest causes the shaft to revolve by
pulling a cord, while another priest presses the spike down into the
hole in the block by leaning hard upon a flat board placed on the top of
the shaft. The spike is generally made of the peepul or sacred fig-tree.
When it has become charred by friction, it is replaced by another.[807]
According to one account, the fire is made in this fashion, not by two
priests, but by the Brahman and his wife; she pulls the cord, while he
holds the borer in the hole and recites the spells necessary for the
production of the fire.[808]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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