Rev. J. Macdonald, MS. notes; compare _id._, _Light in Africa_, p. 210; _id._, in _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, xx. (1891) p. 140. The Nubas will not cut shoots of the _nabac_ (a thorn-tree) during the rainy season (_Missions Catholiques_, xiv. (1882) p. 460). Among some of the hill-tribes of the Punjaub no one is allowed to cut grass or any green thing with an iron sickle till the festival of the ripening grain has been celebrated; otherwise the field-god would be angry and send frost to destroy or injure the harvest (D. C. J. Ibbetson, _Outlines of Panjab Ethnography_, p. 121). Footnote 203: “Ueber die Religion der heidnischen Tscheremissen im Gouvernement Kasan,” _Zeitschrift für allgemeine Erdkunde_, N. F. iii. (1857) p. 150. Footnote 204: J. Biddulph, _Tribes of the Hindoo Koosh_, pp. 103 _sq._ Footnote 205: J. Biddulph, _op. cit._ pp. 106 _sq._ Footnote 206: W. Crooke, _Popular Religion and Folk-lore of Northern India_ (Westminster, 1896), ii. 102. See also Sir H. M. Elliot, _Memoirs on the History, Folk-lore, and Distribution of the Races of the North-Western Provinces of India_, edited by J. Beames, ii. 217, where, however, the object of the prayers is said to be the fruitfulness of the tree itself, not the fruitfulness of women, animals, and cattle. Footnote 207: W. Crooke, _op. cit._ ii. 106. Footnote 208: Th. J. Hutchinson, _Impressions of Western Africa_, p. 128. Footnote 209: W. Mannhardt, _Baumkultus_, p. 161; E. Meier, _Deutsche Sagen, Sitten und Gebräuche aus Schwaben_, p. 397; A. Peter, _Volksthümliches aus Österreichisch-Schlesien_, ii. 286. Footnote 210: W. Camden, _Britannia_, ed. R. Gough (London, 1779), iii. 659. Camden’s authority is Good, a writer of the sixteenth century. Footnote 211: _County Folk-lore: Suffolk_, collected and edited by Lady Eveline Camilla Gurdon (London, 1893), p. 117. Footnote 212: Mr. E. F. Benson, in a letter to the author dated December 15, 1892. Footnote 213: _Memoirs of Samuel Pepys, Esq._, edited by Lord Braybrooke, Second Edition (London, 1828), ii. 209, under May 1st, 1667. Footnote 214: Lady Wilde, _Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland_ (London, 1887), i. 196 _sq._ If an Irish housewife puts a ring of rowan-tree or quicken, as it is also called, on the handle of the churn-dash when she is churning, no witch can steal her butter (P. W. Joyce, _Social History of Ancient Ireland_ (London, 1903), i. 236 _sq._). Footnote 215: W. Camden, _loc. cit._ Footnote 216: W. Gregor, _Folk-lore of the North-east of Scotland_ (London, 1881), p. 188. Footnote 217: J. G. Campbell, _Witchcraft and Second Sight in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland_, p. 270, compare _ib._, pp. 7 _sqq._ Footnote 218: