The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 03 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 03 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
names—thus you never get a man’s right name from himself; but they will
tell each other’s names without hesitation.”(1229) Though it is considered
very rude for a stranger to ask an Apache his name, and the Apache will
never mention it himself, he will allow his friend at his side to mention
it for him.(1230) The Abipones of South America thought it a sin in a man
to utter his own name, but they would tell each other’s names freely; when
Father Dobrizhoffer asked a stranger Indian his name, the man would nudge
his neighbour with his elbow as a sign that his companion should answer
the question.(1231) Some of the Malemut Esquimaux of Bering Strait dislike
very much to pronounce their own names; if a man be asked his name he will
appear confused and will generally turn to a bystander, and request him to
mention it for him.(1232) In the whole of the East Indian Archipelago the
etiquette is the same. As a general rule no one will utter his own name.
To enquire, “What is your name?” is a very indelicate question in native
society. When in the course of administrative or judicial business a
native is asked his name, instead of replying he will look at his comrade
to indicate that he is to answer for him, or he will say straight out,
“Ask him.” The superstition is current all over the East Indies without
exception,(1233) and it is found also among the Motu and Motumotu tribes
of British New Guinea,(1234) the Papuans of Finsch Haven in German New
Guinea,(1235) the Nufoors of Dutch New Guinea,(1236) and the Melanesians
of the Bismarck Archipelago.(1237) Among many tribes of South Africa men
and women never mention their names if they can get any one else to do it
for them, but they do not absolutely refuse when it cannot be
avoided.(1238) No Warua will tell his name, but he does not object to
being addressed by it.(1239) Among the Masai, “when a man is called or
spoken to, he is addressed by his father’s name, and his own name is only
used when speaking to his mother. It is considered unlucky for a man to be
addressed by name. The methods employed in finding out what an individual
is called seem apt to lead to confusion. If a man is asked his name, he
replies by giving that of his father, and to arrive at his own name it is
necessary to ask a third person, or to ask him what is the name of his
mother. There is no objection to another person mentioning his name even
in his presence.”(1240) We are told that the Wanyamwesi almost always
address each other as “Mate” or “Friend,” and a man sometimes quite
forgets his own name and has to be reminded of it by another.(1241) The
writer who makes this statement was probably unaware of the reluctance of
many savages to utter their own names, and hence he mistook that
reluctance for forgetfulness. In Uganda no one will mention his totem. If
it is necessary that it should be known, he will ask a bystander to
mention it for him.(1242) The Ba-Lua in the Congo region are unwilling to
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