The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 03 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 03 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
de Roepstorff, “prevails
among them which one would suppose must most effectually hinder the
‘making of history,’ or, at any rate, the transmission of historical
narrative. By a strict rule, which has all the sanction of Nicobar
superstition, no man’s name may be mentioned after his death! To such a
length is this carried that when, as very frequently happens, the man
rejoiced in the name of ‘Fowl,’ ‘Hat,’ ‘Fire,’ ‘Road,’ etc., in its
Nicobarese equivalent, the use of these words is carefully eschewed for
the future, not only as being the personal designation of the deceased,
but even as the names of the common things they represent; the words die
out of the language, and either new vocables are coined to express the
thing intended, or a substitute for the disused word is found in other
Nicobarese dialects or in some foreign tongue. This extraordinary custom
not only adds an element of instability to the language, but destroys the
continuity of political life, and renders the record of past events
precarious and vague, if not impossible.”(1375)
(M218) That a superstition which suppresses the names of the dead must cut
at the very root of historical tradition has been remarked by other
workers in this field. “The Klamath people,” observes Mr. A. S. Gatschet,
“possess no historic traditions going further back in time than a century,
for the simple reason that there was a strict law prohibiting the mention
of the person or acts of a deceased individual by _using his name_. This
law was rigidly observed among the Californians no less than among the
Oregonians, and on its transgression the death penalty could be inflicted.
This is certainly enough to suppress all historical knowledge within a
people. How can history be written without names?”(1376) Among some of the
tribes of New South Wales the simple ditties, never more than two lines
long, to which the natives dance, are never transmitted from one
generation to another, because, when the rude poet dies, “all the songs of
which he was author are, as it were, buried with him, inasmuch as they, in
common with his very name, are studiously ignored from thenceforward,
consequently they are quite forgotten in a very short space of time
indeed. This custom of endeavouring persistently to forget everything
which had been in any way connected with the dead entirely precludes the
possibility of anything of an historical nature having existence amongst
them; in fact the most vital occurrence, if only dating a single
generation back, is quite forgotten, that is to say, if the recounting
thereof should necessitate the mention of a defunct aboriginal’s
name.”(1377) Thus among these simple savages even a sacred bard could not
avail to rescue an Australian Agamemnon from the long night of oblivion.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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