Irenaeus, i. 28. As to a female member of the Trinity, see further _id._, _Dreiheit, ein Versuch mythologischer Zahlenlehre_ (Bonn, 1903), pp. 41 _sqq._; Gibbon, _Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_, ch. 1. vol. ix. p. 261, note g (Edinburgh, 1811). Mr. Conybeare tells me that Philo Judaeus, who lived in the first half of the first century of our era, constantly defines God as a Trinity in Unity, or a Unity in Trinity, and that the speculations of this Alexandrian Jew deeply influenced the course of Christian thought on the mystical nature of the deity. Thus it seems not impossible that the ancient Egyptian doctrine of the divine Trinity may have been distilled through Philo into Christianity. On the other hand it has been suggested that the Christian Trinity is of Babylonian origin. See H. Zimmern, in E. Schrader’s _Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament_,3 pp. 418 _sq._, 440. 14 L. W. King, _Babylonian Religion and Mythology_ (London, 1899), p. 8. M3 The death of the Great Pan. Death of the King of the Jinn. Death of the Grape-cluster. 15 Plutarch, _De defectu oraculorum_, 17. 16 This is in substance the explanation briefly suggested by F. Liebrecht, and developed more fully and with certain variations of detail by S. Reinach. See F. Liebrecht, _Des Gervasius von Tilbury Otia Imperialia_ (Hanover, 1856), p. 180; S. Reinach, _Cultes, mythes et religions_, iii. (Paris, 1908), pp. 1 _sqq._ As to the worship of Tammuz or Adonis in Syria and Greece see my _Adonis, Attis, Osiris_, Second Edition (London, 1907). In Plutarch’s narrative confusion seems to have arisen through the native name (Tammuz) of the deity, which either accidentally coincided with that of the pilot (as S. Reinach thinks) or was erroneously transferred to him by a narrator (as F. Liebrecht supposed). An entirely different explanation of the story has been proposed by Dr. W. H. Roscher. He holds that the god whose death was lamented was the great ram-god of Mendes in Egypt, whom Greek writers constantly mistook for a goat-god and identified with Pan. A living ram was always revered as an incarnation of the god, and when it died there was a great mourning throughout all the land of Mendes. Some stone coffins of the sacred animal have been found in the ruins of the city. See Herodotus, ii. 46, with A. Wiedemann’s commentary; W. H. Roscher, “Die Legende vom Tode des groszen Pan,” _Fleckeisen’s Jahrbücher für classische Philologie_, xxxviii. (1892) pp. 465-477. Dr. Roscher shews that Thamus was an Egyptian name, comparing Plato, _Phaedrus_, p. 274 D E; Polyaenus, iii. 2. 5; Philostratus, _Vit. Apollon. Tyan._ vi. 5. 108. As to the worshipful goat, or rather ram, of Mendes, see also Diodorus Siculus, i. 84; Strabo, xvii. 1.