19, p. 802; Clement of Alexandria, _Protrept._ ii. 39, p. 34, ed. Potter; Suidas, _s.v._ Μένδην. 17 F. Liebrecht, _op. cit._ pp. 180 _sq._; W. Robertson Smith, _Religion of the Semites_,2 pp. 412, 414. The latter writer observes with justice that “the wailing for ’Uncūd, the divine Grape-cluster, seems to be the last survival of an old vintage piaculum.” “The dread of the worshippers,” he adds, “that the neglect of the usual ritual would be followed by disaster, is particularly intelligible if they regarded the necessary operations of agriculture as involving the violent extinction of a particle of divine life.” On the mortality of the gods in general and of the Teutonic gods in particular, see J. Grimm, _Deutsche Mythologie_,4 i. 263 _sqq._; compare E. H. Meyer, _Mythologie der Germanen_ (Strasburg, 1903), p. 288. As to the mortality of the Irish gods, see Douglas Hyde, _Literary History of Ireland_ (London, 1899), pp. 80 _sq._ M4 Human gods are killed to prevent them from growing old and feeble. 18 “Der Muata Cazembe und die Völkerstämme der Maravis, Chevas, Muembas, Lundas und andere von Süd-Afrika,” _Zeitschrift für allgemeine Erdkunde_, vi. (1856) p. 395; F. T. Valdez, _Six Years of a Traveller’s Life in Western Africa_ (London, 1861), ii. 241 _sq._ 19 See _Taboo and the Perils of the Soul_, pp. 6, 7 _sq._ 20 See _Taboo and the Perils of the Soul_, pp. 26 _sqq._ M5 Preference for a violent death: the sick and old killed. 21 W. W. Gill, _Myths and Songs of the South Pacific_ (London, 1876), p. 163. 22 H. A. Junod, _Les Ba-Ronga_ (Neuchatel, 1898), pp. 381 _sq._ 23 W. Barbrooke Grubb, _An Unknown People in an Unknown Land_ (London, 1911), p. 120. 24 T. C. Hodson, _The Naga Tribes of Manipur_ (London, 1911), p. 159. 25 Rev. J. Roscoe, _The Baganda_ (London, 1911), p. 281. 26 Ch. Wilkes, _Narrative of the U.S. Exploring Expedition_ (London, 1845), iii. 96. _ 27 U.S. Exploring Expedition, Ethnology and Philology_, by H. Hale (Philadelphia, 1846), p. 65. Compare Th. Williams, _Fiji and the Fijians_,2 i. 183; J. E. Erskine, _Journal of a Cruise among the Islands of the Western Pacific_ (London, 1853), p. 248. 28 G. Turner, _Samoa_, p. 335. 29 Martin Flad, _A Short Description of the Falasha and Kamants in Abyssinia_, p. 19. 30 H. Diels, _Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker_,2 i. (Berlin, 1906) p. 81; _id._, _Herakleitos von Ephesos_2 (Berlin, 1909), p. 50, Frag. 136, ψυχαὶ ἀρηίφατοι καθαρώτεραι ἢ ἐνὶ νούσοις. M6 Preference for a violent death: the sick and aged killed. 31 F. de Castelnau, _Expédition dans les parties centrales de l’Amérique du Sud_, iv. (Paris, 1851) p. 380. Compare _id._ ii. 49 _sq._ as to the practice of the Chavantes, a tribe of Indians on the Tocantins river.