213 Clement of Alexandria, _Protrept._ i. I, p. 2, and ii. 34, p. 29, ed. Potter; Aristotle, _Peplos_, Frag. (_Fragmenta historicorum Graecorum_, ii. p. 189, No. 282, ed. C. Müller); John of Antioch, Frag. i. 20 (_Frag. histor. Graec._ iv. p. 539, ed. C. Müller); Jamblichus, _De Pythagor. vit._ x. 52; Schol. on Pindar, _Pyth._ Argum. p. 298, ed. Boeckh; Ovid, _Metam._ i. 445 _sqq._; Hyginus, _Fabulae_, 140. 214 Schol. on Pindar, _l.c._; Censorinus, _De die natali_, 18. 6; compare Eustathius on Homer, _Od._ iii. 267, p. 1466. 29. 215 Plutarch, _De defectu oraculorum_, 3, compared with _id._ 15; Aug. Mommsen, _Delphika_, pp. 211, 214; Th. Schreiber, _Apollon Pythoktonos_ (Leipsic, 1879), pp. 32 _sqq._ 216 Aelian, _Var. hist._ iii. I; Schol. on Pindar, _l.c._ 217 On the original identity of the festivals see Th. Schreiber, _Apollon Pythoktonus_, pp. 37 _sq._; A. B. Cook, in _Folklore_, xv. (1904) pp. 404 _sq._ 218 The inference was drawn by Mr. A. B. Cook, whom I follow. See his article, “The European Sky-god,” _Folk-lore_, xv. (1904) pp. 412 _sqq_. M61 Substitution of the laurel for the oak. 219 See _The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings_, vol. i. p. 8. 220 Aelian, _Var. hist._ iii. 1; Schol. on Pindar, _Pyth._ Argum. p. 298, ed. Boeckh. 221 A. B. Cook, “The European Sky-god,” _Folk-lore_, xv. (1904) pp. 423 _sq_. 222 Pausanias, ix. 3. 4. See _The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings_, vol. ii. p. 140. M62 Hypothesis of octennial kings at Delphi and Thebes, who personated dragons or serpents. Animals sacred to royal families. Greek stories of the transformation of gods into beasts point to a custom of a sacred marriage in which the actors masqueraded as animals. 223 A. B. Cook, “The European Sky-god,” _Folk-lore_, xv. (1904) pp. 402 _sqq_. M63 Analogy of the Wolf Society of Arcadia to the Leopard Society of west Africa. 224 Plato, _Republic_, viii. p. 565 D E; Polybius, vii. 13; Pliny, _Nat. hist._ viii. 81; Varro, cited by Augustine, _De civitate Dei_, xviii. 17; Pausanias, vi. 8. 2, viii. 2. 3-6. 225 Mary H. Kingsley, _Travels in West Africa_, pp. 536-543; T. J. Alldridge, _The Sherbro and its Hinterland_ (London, 1901), pp. 153-159; compare R. H. Nassau, _Fetichism in West Africa_ (London, 1904), pp. 200-203. 226 T. J. Alldridge, _op. cit._ p. 154. 227 A. Bastian, _Die deutsche Expedition an der Loango-Küste_, ii. 248. M64 Legend of the transformation of Cadmus and Harmonia into serpents. Transmigration of the souls of the dead into serpents. Kings claim kinship with the most powerful animals. 228 Apollodorus, iii. 5. 4; Strabo, vii. 7. 8, p. 326; Ovid, _Metam_. iv. 563-603; Hyginus, _Fabulae_, 6; Nicander, _Theriaca_, 607 _sqq._