16 Philo of Byblus, quoted by Eusebius, _Praeparatio Evangelii_, i. 10; _Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum_, ed. C. Müller, iii. 568; Stephanus Byzantius, _s.v._ Βύβλος. Byblus is a Greek corruption of the Semitic Gebal (גבל), the name which the place still retains. See E. Renan, _Mission de Phénicie_ (Paris, 1864), p. 155. 17 R. Pietschmann, _Geschichte der Phoenizier_ (Berlin, 1889), p. 139. On the coins it is designated “Holy Byblus.” 18 Strabo, xvi. 1. 18, p. 755. 19 Lucian, _De dea Syria_, 6. 20 The sanctuary and image are figured on coins of Byblus. See T. L. Donaldson, _Architectura Numismatica_ (London, 1859), pp. 105 _sq._; E. Renan, _Mission de Phénicie_, p. 177; G. Perrot et Ch. Chipiez, _Histoire de l’Art dans l’Antiquité_, iii. (Paris, 1885) p. 60; R. Pietschmann, _Geschichte der Phoenizier_, p. 202; G. Maspero, _Histoire Ancienne des Peuples de l’Orient Classique_, ii. (Paris, 1897) p. 173. Renan excavated a massive square pedestal built of colossal stones, which he thought may have supported the sacred obelisk (_op. cit._ pp. 174-178). 21 Lucian, _De dea Syria_, 6. 22 Strabo, xvi. 1. 18, p. 755. 23 Lucian, _De dea Syria_, 8; Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ v. 78; E. Renan, _Mission de Phénicie_, pp. 282 _sqq._ 24 Eustathius, _Commentary on Dionysius Periegetes_, 912 (_Geographi Graeci Minores_, ed. C. Müller, ii. 376); Melito, in W. Cureton’s _Spicilegium Syriacum_, p. 44. 25 Ezekiel xxvii. 9. As to the name Gebal see above, p. 13, note 1. 26 L. B. Paton, _The Early History of Syria and Palestine_ (London, 1902), pp. 169-171. See below, pp. 75 _sq._ 27 L. B. Paton, _op. cit._ p. 235; R. F. Harper, _Assyrian and Babylonian Literature_, p. 57 (the Nimrud inscription of Tiglath-pileser III.). 28 The inscription was discovered by Renan. See Ch. Vellay, _Le culte et les fêtes d’Adonis-Thammouz dans l’Orient antique_ (Paris, 1904), pp. 38 _sq._; G. A. Cooke, _Text-book of North-Semitic Inscriptions_ (Oxford 1903), No. 3, pp. 18 _sq._ In the time of Alexander the Great the king of Byblus was a certain Enylus (Arrian, _Anabasis_, ii. 20), whose name appears on a coin of the city (F. C. Movers, _Die Phoenizier_, ii. 1, p. 103, note 81). M10 Divinity of Semitic kings. 29 On the divinity of Semitic kings and the kingship of Semitic gods see W. R. Smith, _Religion of the Semites_2 (London, 1894), pp. 44 _sq._, 66 _sqq._ 30 H. Radau, _Early Babylonian History_ (New York and London, 1900), pp. 307-317; P. Dhorme, _La Religion Assyro-Babylonienne_ (Paris, 1910), pp. 168 _sqq._