The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 07 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 07 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
(M229) In some of the examples which I have cited to establish the meaning
of the term “neck” as applied to the last sheaf, the corn-spirit appears
in animal form as a gander, a goat, a hare, a cat, and a fox. This
introduces us to a new aspect of the corn-spirit, which we must now
examine. By doing so we shall not only have fresh examples of killing the
god, but may hope also to clear up some points which remain obscure in the
myths and worship of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, Dionysus, Demeter, and
Virbius.
(M230) Amongst the many animals whose forms the corn-spirit is supposed to
take are the wolf, dog, hare, fox, cock, goose, quail, cat, goat, cow (ox,
bull), pig, and horse. In one or other of these shapes the corn-spirit is
often believed to be present in the corn, and to be caught or killed in
the last sheaf. As the corn is being cut the animal flees before the
reapers, and if a reaper is taken ill on the field, he is supposed to have
stumbled unwittingly on the corn-spirit, who has thus punished the profane
intruder. It is said “the Rye-wolf has got hold of him,” “the Harvest-goat
has given him a push.” The person who cuts the last corn or binds the last
sheaf gets the name of the animal, as the Rye-wolf, the Rye-sow, the
Oats-goat, and so forth, and retains the name sometimes for a year. Also
the animal is frequently represented by a puppet made out of the last
sheaf or of wood, flowers, and so on, which is carried home amid
rejoicings on the last harvest-waggon. Even where the last sheaf is not
made up in animal shape, it is often called the Rye-wolf, the Hare, Goat,
and so forth. Generally each kind of crop is supposed to have its special
animal, which is caught in the last sheaf, and called the Rye-wolf, the
Barley-wolf, the Oats-wolf, the Pea-wolf, or the Potato-wolf, according to
the crop; but sometimes the figure of the animal is only made up once for
all at getting in the last crop of the whole harvest. Sometimes the
creature is believed to be killed by the last stroke of the sickle or
scythe. But oftener it is thought to live so long as there is corn still
unthreshed, and to be caught in the last sheaf threshed. Hence the man who
gives the last stroke with the flail is told that he has got the Corn-sow,
the Threshing-dog, or the like. When the threshing is finished, a puppet
is made in the form of the animal, and this is carried by the thresher of
the last sheaf to a neighbouring farm, where the threshing is still going
on. This again shews that the corn-spirit is believed to live wherever the
corn is still being threshed. Sometimes the thresher of the last sheaf
himself represents the animal; and if the people of the next farm, who are
still threshing, catch him, they treat him like the animal he represents,
by shutting him up in the pig-sty, calling him with the cries commonly
addressed to pigs, and so forth.(833) These general statements will now be
illustrated by examples.
§ 2. The Corn-spirit as a Wolf or a Dog.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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