1 On Dionysus in general, see L. Preller, _Griechische Mythologie_,4 i. 659 _sqq._; Fr. Lenormant, _s.v._ “Bacchus,” in Daremberg and Saglio’s _Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines_, i. 591 _sqq._; Voigt and Thraemer, _s.v._ “Dionysus,” in W. H. Roscher’s _Lexikon der griech. u. röm. Mythologie_, i. 1029 _sqq._; E. Rohde, _Psyche_3 (Tübingen and Leipsic, 1903), ii. 1 _sqq._; Miss J. E. Harrison, _Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion_, Second Edition (Cambridge, 1908), pp. 363 _sqq._; Kern, _s.v._ “Dionysus,” in Pauly-Wissowa’s _Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft_, v. 1010 _sqq._; M. P. Nilsson, _Griechische Feste von religiöser Bedeutung_ (Leipsic, 1906), pp. 258 _sqq._; L. R. Farnell, _The Cults of the Greek States_, v. (Oxford, 1909) pp. 85 _sqq._ The epithet _Bromios_ bestowed on Dionysus, and his identification with the Thracian and Phrygian deity Sabazius, have been adduced as evidence that Dionysus was a god of beer or of other cereal intoxicants before he became a god of wine. See W. Headlam, in _Classical Review_, xv. (1901) p. 23; Miss J. E. Harrison, _Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion_, pp. 414-426. 2 Plato, _Laws_, i. p. 637 E; Theopompus, cited by Athenaeus, x. 60, p. 442 E F; Suidas, _s.v._ κατασκεδάζειν; compare Xenophon, _Anabasis_, vii. 3. 32. For the evidence of the Thracian origin of Dionysus, see the writers cited in the preceding note, especially Dr. L. R. Farnell, _op. cit._ v. 85 _sqq._ Compare W. Ridgeway, _The Origin of Tragedy_ (Cambridge, 1910), pp. 10 _sqq._ 3 Herodotus, ii. 49; Diodorus Siculus, i. 97. 4; P. Foucart, _Le Culte de Dionyse en Attique_ (Paris, 1904), pp. 9 _sqq._, 159 _sqq._ (_Mémoires de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres_, xxxvii.). M3 Dionysus a god of trees, especially of fruit-trees. 4 Plutarch, _Quaest. Conviv._ v. 3: Διονύσῳ δὲ δενδρίτῃ πάντες, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, Ἕλληνες θύουσιν. 5 Hesychius, _s.v._ Ἔνδενδρος. 6 See the pictures of his images, drawn from ancient vases, in C. Bötticher’s _Baumkultus der Hellenen_ (Berlin, 1856), plates 42, 43, 43 A, 43 B, 44; Daremberg et Saglio, _Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines_, i. 361, 626 _sq._ 7 Daremberg et Saglio, _op. cit._ i. 626. 8 P. Wendland und O. Kern, _Beiträge zur Geschichte der griechischen Philosophie und Religion_ (Berlin, 1895), pp. 79 _sqq._; Ch. Michel, _Recueil d’ Inscriptions Grecques_ (Brussels, 1900), No. 856. 9 Cornutus, _Theologiae Graecae Compendium_, 30. 10 Pindar, quoted by Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 35. 11 Maximus Tyrius, _Dissertat._ viii. 1. 12 Athenaeus, iii. chs. 14 and 23, pp. 78 C, 82 D. _ 13 Orphica_, Hymn l. 4. liii. 8.