14 Aelian, _Var. Hist._ iii. 41; Hesychius, _s.v._ Φλέω[ς]. Compare Plutarch, _Quaest. Conviv._ v. 8. 3. 15 Pausanias, i. 31. 4; _id._ vii. 21. 6. 16 Dittenberger, _Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum_,2 No. 636, vol. ii. p. 435, τῶν καρπῶν τῶν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ. However, the words may equally well refer to the cereal crops. 17 Plutarch, _Quaest. Conviv._ v. 3. 18 Pausanias, ii. 2. 6 _sq._ Pausanias does not mention the kind of tree; but from Euripides, _Bacchae_, 1064 _sqq._, and Philostratus, _Imag._ i. 17 (18), we may infer that it was a pine, though Theocritus (xxvi. 11) speaks of it as a mastich-tree. 19 Müller-Wieseler, _Denkmäler der alten Kunst_, ii. pll. xxxii. _sqq._; A. Baumeister, _Denkmäler des klassischen Altertums_, i. figures 489, 491, 492, 495. Compare F. Lenormant, in Daremberg et Saglio, _Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines_, i. 623; Ch. F. Lobeck, _Aglaophamus_ (Königsberg, 1829), p. 700. 20 Pausanias, i. 31. 6. 21 Athenaeus, iii. 14, p. 78 C. M4 Dionysus as a god of agriculture and the corn. The winnowing-fan as an emblem of Dionysus. 22 Himerius, _Orat._ i. 10, Δίονυσος γεωργεῖ. 23 Diodorus Siculus, iii. 64. 1-3, iv. 4. 1 _sq._ On the agricultural aspect of Dionysus, see L. R. Farnell, _The Cults of the Greek States_, v. (Oxford, 1909) pp. 123 _sq._ 24 [Aristotle,] _Mirab. Auscult._ 122 (p. 842 A, ed. Im. Bekker, Berlin edition). 25 Servius on Virgil, _Georg._ i. 166; Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 35. The literary and monumental evidence as to the winnowing-fan in the myth and ritual of Dionysus has been collected and admirably interpreted by Miss J. E. Harrison in her article “Mystica Vannus Iacchi,” _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, xxiii. (1903) pp. 292-324. Compare her _Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion_2 (Cambridge, 1908), pp. 517 _sqq._ I must refer the reader to these works for full details on the subject. In the passage of Servius referred to the reading is somewhat uncertain; in his critical edition G. Thilo reads λικμητὴν and λικμὸς instead of the usual λικνιτὴν and λικνόν. But the variation does not affect the meaning. M5 Use of the winnowing-fan to cradle infants. The winnowing-fan sometimes intended to avert evil spirits from children. 26 Ἐν γὰρ λείκνοις τὸ παλαιὸν κατεκοίμιζον τὰ Βρέφη πλοῦτον καὶ καρπούς οἰωνιζόμενοι, Scholiast on Callimachus, i. 48 (_Callimachea_, edidit O. Schneider, Leipsic, 1870-1873, vol. i. p. 109). 27 T. S. Raffles, _History of Java_ (London, 1817), i. 323; C. F. Winter, “Instellingen, Gewoontenen Gebruiken der Javanen te Soerakarta,” _Tijdschrift voor Neêrlands Indie_, Vijfde Jaargang, Eerste Deel (1843), p. 695; P. J. Veth, _Java_ (Haarlem, 1875-1884), i. 639.