57 Macrobius, _Comment. in Somn. Scip._ i. 12. 12; _Scriptores rerum mythicarum Latini tres Romae nuper reperti_ (commonly referred to as _Mythographi Vaticani_), ed. G. H. Bode (Cellis, 1834), iii. 12. 5, p. 246; Origen, _Contra Celsum_, iv. 17 (vol. i. p. 286, ed. P. Koetschau). 58 Himerius, _Orat._ ix. 4. 59 Proclus, _Hymn to Minerva_, quoted by Ch. A. Lobeck, _Aglaophamus_, p. 561; _Orphica_, ed. E. Abel, p. 235. 60 Hyginus, _Fabulae_, 167. 61 The festivals of Dionysus were biennial in many places. See G. F. Schömann, _Griechische Alterthümer_,4 ii. 524 _sqq._ (The terms for the festival were τριετηρίς, τριετηρικός, both terms of the series being included in the numeration, in accordance with the ancient mode of reckoning.) Perhaps the festivals were formerly annual and the period was afterwards lengthened, as has happened with other festivals. See W. Mannhardt, _Baumkultus_, pp. 172, 175, 491, 533 _sq._, 598. Some of the festivals of Dionysus, however, were annual. Dr. Farnell has conjectured that the biennial period in many Greek festivals is to be explained by “the original shifting of land-cultivation which is frequent in early society owing to the backwardness of the agricultural processes; and which would certainly be consecrated by a special ritual attached to the god of the soil.” See L. R. Farnell, _The Cults of the Greek States_, v. 180 _sq._ 62 Firmicus Maternus, _De errore profanarum religionum_, 6. _ 63 Mythographi Vaticani_, ed. G. H. Bode, iii. 12. 5, p. 246. 64 Plutarch, _Consol. ad uxor._ 10. Compare _id._, _Isis et Osiris_, 35; _id._, _De E Delphico_, 9; _id._, _De esu carnium_, i. 7. 65 Pausanias, ii. 31. 2 and 37. 5; Apollodorus, _Bibliotheca_, iii. 5. 3. 66 Pausanias, ii. 37. 5 _sq._; Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 35; _id._, _Quaest. Conviv._ iv. 6. 2. 67 Himerius, _Orat._ iii. 6, xiv. 7. 68 For Dionysus in this capacity see F. Lenormant in Daremberg et Saglio, _Dictionnaire des Antiquités Grecques et Romaines_, i. 632. For Osiris, see _Adonis, Attis, Osiris_, Second Edition, pp. 344 _sq._ M10 Dionysus represented in the form of a bull. 69 Plutarch, _Isis et Osiris_, 35; _id._, _Quaest. Graec._ 36; Athenaeus, xi. 51, p. 476 A; Clement of Alexandria, _Protrept._ ii. 16; _Orphica_, Hymn xxx. _vv._ 3, 4, xlv. 1, lii. 2, liii. 8; Euripides, _Bacchae_, 99; Scholiast on Aristophanes, _Frogs_, 357; Nicander, _Alexipharmaca_, 31; Lucian, _Bacchus_, 2. The title Εἰραφιώτης applied to Dionysus (_Homeric Hymns_, xxxiv. 2; Porphyry, _De abstinentia_, iii. 17; Dionysius, _Perieg._ 576; _Etymologicum Magnum_, p. 371. 57) is etymologically equivalent to the Sanscrit _varsabha_, “a bull,” as I was informed by my lamented friend the late R. A. Neil of Pembroke College, Cambridge.