42 W. Mannhardt, _op. cit._ pp. 351 _sqq._ 43 W. Mannhardt, _op. cit._ p. 372, citing A. Wuttke, _Der deutsche Volks-aberglaube_2 (Berlin, 1869), p. 339, § 543; L. Strackerjan, _Aberglaube und Sagen aus dem Herzogthum Oldenburg_ (Oldenburg, 1867), i. 81. 44 Boecler-Kreutzwald, _Der Ehsten abergläubische Gebräuche_ (St. Petersburg, 1854), p. 61. This custom is also cited by Mannhardt (_l.c._). M8 Use of the winnowing-fan in the rites of Dionysus. 45 Miss J. E. Harrison, “Mystica Vannus Iacchi,” _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, xxiii. (1903) pp. 296 _sqq._; _id._, _Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion_,2 pp. 518 _sqq._; L. R. Farnell, _The Cults of the Greek States_, v. (Oxford, 1909) p. 243. 46 Herodotus, ii. 48, 49; Clement of Alexandria, _Protrept._ ii. 34, pp. 29-30, ed. Potter; Dittenberger, _Sylloge Inscriptionum Graecarum_,2 No. 19, vol. i. p. 32; M. P. Nilsson, _Studia de Dionysiis Atticis_ (Lund, 1900), pp. 90 _sqq._; L. R. Farnell, _The Cults of the Greek States_, v. 125, 195, 205. 47 Augustine, _De civitate Dei_, vii. 21. M9 Myth of the death and resurrection of Dionysus. Legend that the infant Dionysus occupied for a short time the throne of his father Zeus. Death and resurrection of Dionysus represented in his rites. 48 Nonnus, _Dionys._ vi. 155-205. 49 Firmicus Maternus, _De errore profanarum religionum_, 6. 50 Clement of Alexandria, _Protrept._ ii. 17. Compare Ch. A. Lobeck, _Aglaophamus_, pp. 1111 _sqq._ 51 Proclus on Plato, _Cratylus_, p. 59, quoted by E. Abel, _Orphica_, p. 228. Compare Chr. A. Lobeck, _Aglaophamus_, pp. 552 _sq._ 52 Clement of Alexandria, _Protrept._ ii. 19. Compare _id._ ii. 22; Scholiast on Lucian, _Dial. Meretr._ vii. p. 280, ed. H. Rabe. 53 Clement of Alexandria, _Protrept._ ii. 18; Proclus on Plato’s _Timaeus_, iii. p. 200 D, quoted by Lobeck, _Aglaophamus_, p. 562, and by Abel, _Orphica_, p. 234. Others said that the mangled body was pieced together, not by Apollo but by Rhea (Cornutus, _Theologiae Graecae Compendium_, 30). 54 Ch. A. Lobeck, _Aglaophamus_, pp. 572 _sqq._ See _The Dying God_, p. 3. For a conjectural restoration of the temple, based on ancient authorities and an examination of the scanty remains, see an article by J. H. Middleton, in _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, ix. (1888) pp. 282 _sqq._ The ruins of the temple have now been completely excavated by the French. 55 S. Clemens Romanus, _Recognitiones_, x. 24 (Migne’s _Patrologia Graeca_, i. col. 1434). 56 Diodorus Siculus, iii. 62.