M14 Later misinterpretations of the custom of killing a god in animal form. 96 Varro, _Rerum rusticarum_, i. 2. 19; Virgil, _Georg._ ii. 376-381, with the comments of Servius on the passage and on _Aen._ iii. 118; Ovid, _Fasti_, i. 353 _sqq._; _id._, _Metamorph._ xv. 114 _sq._; Cornutus, _Theologiae Graecae Compendium_, 30. 97 Euripides, _Bacchae_, 138 _sq._: ἀγρεύων αἷμα τραγοκτόνον, ὠμοφάγον χάριν. 98 Schol. on Aristophanes, _Frogs_, 357. 99 Hera αἰγοφάγος at Sparta, Pausanias, iii. 15. 9; Hesychius, _s.v._ αἰγοφάγος (compare the representation of Hera clad in a goat’s skin, with the animal’s head and horns over her head, Müller-Wieseler, _Denkmäler der alten Kunst_, i. No. 229 B; and the similar representation of the Lanuvinian Juno, W. H. Roscher, _Lexikon d. griech. u. röm. Mythologie_, ii. 605 _sqq._); Zeus αἰγοφάγος, _Etymologicum Magnum_, _s.v._ αἰγοφάγος, p. 27. 52 (compare Scholiast on Oppianus, _Halieut._ iii. 10; L. Stephani, in _Compte-Rendu de la Commission Impériale Archéologique pour l’année 1869_ (St. Petersburg, 1870), pp. 16-18); Apollo ὀψοφάγος at Elis, Athenaeus, viii. 36, p. 346 B; Artemis καπροφάγος in Samos, Hesychius, _s.v._ καπροφάγος; compare _id._, _s.v._ κριοφάγος. Divine titles derived from killing animals are probably to be similarly explained, as Dionysus αἰγόβολος (Pausanias, ix. 8. 2); Rhea or Hecate κυνοσφαγής (J. Tzetzes, _Scholia on Lycophron_, 77); Apollo λυκοκτόνος (Sophocles, _Electra_, 6); Apollo σαυροκτόνος (Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ xxxiv. 70). 100 See below, vol. ii. pp. 184, 194, 196, 197 _sq._, 233. M15 Human sacrifices in the worship of Dionysus. 101 Porphyry, _De abstinentia_, ii. 55. 102 Pausanias, ix. 8. 2. 103 See _The Dying God_, pp. 163 _sq._ M16 The legendary deaths of Pentheus and Lycurgus may be reminiscences of a custom of sacrificing divine kings in the character of Dionysus. _ 104 Adonis, Attis, Osiris_, Second Edition, pp. 332 _sq._ 105 Apollodorus, _Bibliotheca_, iii. 5. 1. _ 106 The Magic Art and the Evolution of Kings_, i. 344, 345, 346, 352, 354, 366 _sq._ 107 Apollodorus, _Bibliotheca_, iii. 5. 1. 108 Herodotus, vii. 197; Apollodorus, _Bibliotheca_, i. 9. 1 _sq._; Scholiast on Aristophanes, _Clouds_, 257; J. Tzetzes, _Schol. on Lycophron_, 21; Hyginus, _Fabulae_, 1-5. See _The Dying God_, pp. 161-163. 109 Clemens Romanus, _Recognitiones_, x. 24 (Migne’s _Patrologia Graeca_, i. col. 1434). 110 Euripides, _Bacchae_, 43 _sqq._, 1043 _sqq._; Theocritus, _Idyl._ xxvi.; Pausanias, ii. 2. 7. Strictly speaking, the murder of Pentheus is said to have been perpetrated not at Thebes, of which he was king, but on Mount Cithaeron. M17 Survival of Dionysiac rites among the modern Thracian peasantry.