The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 08 of 12)Frazer, James George
Religion
The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion (Third Edition, Vol. 08 of 12)
Frazer, James George
Magic; Mythology; Religion; Superstition
For example, a man planted some coco-nut palms and almond trees in the
bush and died not long afterwards. After his death there appeared among
the trees a great rarity in the shape of a white cuscus. The animal was
accordingly assumed to be the ghost of the departed planter and went by
his name. The place became sacred, and no one would gather the fruits of
the trees there, until two young men, who had been trained in the
principles of Christianity, boldly invaded the sanctuary and appropriated
the almonds and coco-nuts.(894) It must not be supposed, however, that the
choice of transmigration open to a Solomon Islander is restricted to the
animal kingdom; he is free after death to become a vegetable, if he feels
so disposed. When a mission-school was established in the island of Ulawa
it was observed with surprise that the natives would not eat bananas and
had ceased to plant the tree. Enquiry elicited the origin of the
restriction, which was recent and well remembered. A man of great
influence, dying not long before, had forbidden the eating of bananas
after his death, saying that he would be in the banana. The older natives
would still mention his name and say, “We cannot eat So-and-so.”(895)
(M219) The doctrine of the reincarnation of human souls in the bodies
either of men or of animals, which meets us as an article of faith in so
many savage tribes, has a special interest for the historian of thought,
because it has been adopted more or less explicitly and employed, not
merely as a philosophical theory, but as a means of enforcing moral
lessons, by thinkers, teachers, and lawgivers among various civilised
peoples, notably in ancient India and Greece. Thus in the most famous of
old Indian law-books, _The Laws of Manu_, the penalties to be endured by
evil-doers in future births are described with a precision which leaves
nothing to be desired: the degradation of the birth is exactly
proportioned to the degree of moral guilt of the transgressor. For
example, if a man has the temerity to censure his teacher, even though the
censure is richly deserved, that rash man in his next birth will be an
ass; but if he defames his teacher falsely, he will be a dog; and if he is
so lost to all sense of propriety as to live at the expense of his
teacher, he will be a worm.(896) A faithless wife in her next
transmigration will be born a jackal.(897) A Brahman who misappropriates
money which he has received for a sacrifice will hereafter be either a
vulture or a crow for the period of one hundred years.(898) Men who
delight in doing hurt will be born as carnivorous animals, and those who
eat forbidden food will be degraded into worms. As for thieves, their lot
is a hard one, and it is harder in proportion to the value of the article
stolen. A man who steals gems will be born a goldsmith; a man who steals
grain will be born a rat; a man who steals honey will be born a stinging
insect; and a man who steals clarified butter will be born an ichneumon.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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